Farashin kaya ya fi damuwa game da shigo da kaya da fitarwa, kuma yawancin kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki ba su yi tsammanin karuwar farashin kaya da yawa ba.
Dangane da yanayin tafiyar hawainiya na tattalin arzikin Asiya gabaɗaya, farashin jigilar kayayyaki daga Asiya zuwa Amurka ya fara hauhawa cikin sauri. Wannan al'amari yana da ban mamaki.
Sabbin bayanai da aka fitar a baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa kayayyakin da Japan ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje sun ragu a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru biyu, lamarin da ke nuni da cewa farfadowar tattalin arzikin na fuskantar iska mai tsanani. A sa'i daya kuma, bayanan fitar da kayayyaki daga manyan kasashen Asiya na kasuwanci irin su Koriya ta Kudu da Vietnam su ma suna da rauni sosai.
Koyaya, a cikin kasuwar jigilar kaya, wani yanayi na daban a halin yanzu yana kunno kai. A cikin makonni shidan da suka kare a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, matsakaicin adadin kayan dakon kaya mai tsawon kafa 40 da aka jigilar daga China zuwa Amurka ya karu da kashi 61% zuwa dala 2,075. Masu lura da harkokin masana’antu gabaɗaya sun ce babban dalilin wannan ƙarin farashin shi ne, manyan kamfanonin sufurin jiragen ruwa sun yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga farashin kaya. Kattai masu jigilar kayayyaki irin su Maersk da CMA CGM, waɗanda har yanzu ayyukansu ke faɗuwa, sun ƙara ƙarin ƙarin ƙarin kuɗin GRI, ƙimar FAK da kuma ɗaukar kuɗin jigilar kayayyaki kamar ƙarin ƙarin lokacin lokacin (PSS) akan wasu hanyoyin. FIXDEX masana'anta galibi suna samarwatrubolt tsinke anga, sanduna masu zare.
Kang Shuchun, shugaban reshen jigilar kayayyaki na kasa da kasa na kungiyar hada-hadar sahu da sayayya ta kasar Sin, kana shugaban kamfanin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na kasa da kasa na kasar Sin, ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da manema labarai cewa, an samu karuwar farashin kayayyakin dakon kaya ne sakamakon daidaitawar da kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suka yi. Maersk da sauran kamfanonin jigilar kaya sun kara farashin gaba ɗaya. Wannan zai haifar da hargitsi na kasuwa da haɓaka farashin kaya, maimakon farfadowa a kasuwa.
Yawancin kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki ba su da babban tsammanin tashin farashin kaya. Shugaban harkokin sufurin jiragen ruwa na Evergreen Zhang Yanyi ya taba cewa, kasuwar hada-hadar dakon kaya ta duniya a halin yanzu tana cikin wani yanayi mai yawa na wadata da bukatu da rashin daidaito tsakanin kayayyaki da bukata. CMA CGM ta kuma bayyana a cikin rahotonta na hada-hadar kudi cewa, yanayin kasuwannin sufuri da na masana'antu ya tabarbare a farkon rabin shekarar 2023, kuma rashin tabbas na tattalin arziki da yanayin siyasa ya kasance a rabin na biyu na shekara, tare da raguwar ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya. A lokaci guda kuma, sabbin kayan aikin da aka kawo na ci gaba da kwararowa cikin kasuwa, wanda zai iya ci gaba da jawo raguwar farashin kayayyaki, musamman kan hanyoyin gabas da yamma.
Kafin karin farashin, farashin kayan dakon kaya daga China zuwa gabar yammacin Amurka ya fadi daga kusan dala 10,000 a kowane akwati a watan Fabrairun 2022 zuwa kasa da dala 1,300 a karshen watan Yuni saboda rage oda saboda yawan kaya a dillalai da karancin bukata. Yanke cikin ribar manyan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki.
Don haɓakar farashi na baya-bayan nan, yawancin dillalan Amurkawa da alama sun shirya. Tim Smith, darektan jigilar kayayyaki da dabaru na duniya a dillalin kayayyaki na gida Gabe's Old Time Pottery, ya ce karuwar farashin jigilar kayayyaki ba zato ba tsammani yana da iyakacin tasiri. Kamfanin ya kayyade farashin jigilar kayayyaki a farkon wannan shekarar, inda ya kulle rabin kayan a kan wani ƙayyadadden farashi wanda yanzu yana ciniki ƙasa da farashin tabo. "Farashin jigilar kayayyaki na iya komawa baya kuma, kuma za mu iya amfana daga komawa kasuwar tabo a wani lokaci," in ji Smith.
Kayan kaya na iya sake faduwa
Masu shigo da kaya da masana masana'antu na jigilar kayayyaki suna tsammanin karuwar farashin kayan dakon kaya na kwanan nan zai kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci - shigo da kwantena na Amurka ya ragu ƙasa da shekarun da suka gabata, yayin da wasu layukan jigilar kayayyaki na teku suka fara jigilar sabbin jiragen ruwa da suka yi odar a daidai lokacin da ake buƙata. kololuwa. Kasuwar tana ƙara ƙarin ƙarfi.
A cewar kungiyar cinikayyar jigilar kayayyaki ta kasar Denmark Bimco, isar da sabbin jiragen ruwa a cikin watanni bakwai na farkon shekarar 2023 ya yi daidai da karuwar karfin kwantena miliyan 1.2, wanda ya kafa tarihi. Clarksons, mai ba da shawara kan jigilar kayayyaki, ya kuma yi hasashen cewa isar da sabbin jiragen ruwa na duniya za su kai TEU miliyan 2 a wannan shekara, wanda ke kafa rikodin isar da kayayyaki na shekara-shekara da kuma haɓaka ƙarfin jiragen ruwa na duniya don haɓaka da kusan 7%. Ya kai miliyan 2.5 TEU.
Kattai masu jigilar kayayyaki na teku kamar Maersk sun rage wadatar su ta hanyar dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da rage jinkirin jiragen ruwa, yadda ya kamata. Amma Philip Damas, manajan darektan Drewry Shipping Consulting Group, ya ce ana sa ran karin jiragen ruwa za su fara aiki a shekara mai zuwa. “Tsarin wuce gona da iri zai shafi masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ta duniya. Don haka, za mu iya ganin farashin kayan dakon kaya ya koma koma baya a wannan kaka."
A karkashin wannan yanayi, har yaushe shirin da kamfanonin sufurin jiragen ruwa suka yi na kara yawan jigilar kayayyaki zai dore? Kang Shuchun, shugaban kungiyar kula da harkokin sufuri da sayayya ta kasa da kasa ta kasar Sin, kana shugaban kamfanin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na kasa da kasa na kasar Sin, ya yi imanin cewa, hauhawar farashin kayayyaki zai dakile cinikayyar kasa da kasa matuka, lamarin da zai haifar da karin farashi da rage hada-hadar kasuwanci. Idan aka yi la'akari da raguwar adadin kaya, haɓakar farashin kaya ba zai dorewa ba. Kang Shuchun ya yi hasashen cewa, “Halayen haɓakar farashin kamfanin na jigilar kayayyaki zai ɗauki kimanin watanni biyu, kuma farashin kayan zai ragu bayan haka. Idan babu wasu dalilai na musamman kuma kasuwa tana da kyau, wasan da ke tsakanin kamfanin jigilar kaya da mai kaya zai rikide zuwa yaki tsakanin kamfanin jigilar kaya da mai jigilar kaya. Wasan kamfani."
Dabarun da kamfanonin jigilar kaya ke amfani da su
A halin yanzu, don samun ƙarin riba, wasu kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna tunanin tattara ƙarin kuɗin da ake buƙata na lokacin bazara don daidaita gaskiyar cewa ƙayyadaddun farashin kaya a cikin kwangiloli na dogon lokaci ya yi ƙasa da waɗanda ke cikin kasuwar tabo. An yi amfani da wannan dabarun sau da yawa ta hanyar jigilar kayayyaki a baya don jimre da buƙatu mai ƙarfi a lokacin bazara da hutun ƙarshen shekara.
Duk da haka, Erin Fleet, darektan kula da kayayyaki na Travelpro Products, wani kamfani da ke Florida, ta ce ta ki amincewa da yunƙurin da dillalan ke yi na sanya ƙarin cajin da zai yi mummunan tasiri ga yawancin masu jigilar kayayyaki a cikin 2021 da 2022 (suna gaggawar neman sarari). Ba za a iya misaltuwa ba. To amma wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ake tattaunawa a halin yanzu, kuma adadin ko kasuwa ba su yarda da hakan ba. "
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-31-2023