Ma ʻAukake 15, 2023, ua kau inoa ka Pelekikena o Mekiko i kahi kauoha, e hoʻomaka ana mai ʻAukake 16, e hoʻonui i ke kila (mea paʻa maka), aluminika, huahana bamboo, pulupulu, mea kemika, aila, kopa, pepa, pepa pahu, hua seramika, aniani Ka uku nui o ka lahui ma ka nui o na mea lawe mai, me na lako uila, na mea kani a me na lako.
Hoʻonui ka ʻōlelo i nā dute lawe mai e pili ana i 392 mau mea uku. Aneane nā huahana a pau o kēia mau laina uku i kēia manawa i ka 25% dute import, a ʻo kekahi mau textiles wale nō e kau ʻia i ke dute 15%. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kēia hoʻololi ʻana i ka uku uku lawe mai i ʻAukake 16, 2023 a e pau i Iulai 31, 2025.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā hale hana ʻo Fasteners ʻO wai nā huahana he anti-dumping dumping?
E pili ana i nā huahana me nā dumping dumping dumping i helu ʻia ma ke kauoha, stainless steel mai Kina a me Taiwan; nā papa ʻōwili anuanu mai Kina a me Korea; i uhi ʻia ke kila pālahalaha mai Kina a me Taiwan; E hoʻopilikia ʻia nā mea lawe mai e like me nā paipu kila humuhumu e kēia hoʻonui uku.
E pili ana ke kauoha i ka pilina kalepa a me ka holo ʻana o nā waiwai ma waena o Mekiko a me kāna mau hoa kālepa non-FTA, nā ʻāina a me nā wahi i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia me Brazil, Kina, Taiwan, South Korea a me India. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pili ʻia nā ʻāina me Mexico i ka ʻaelike kālepa manuahi (FTA).
Ma kahi kokoke i 92% o nā huahana e pili ana i 25 tariff. ʻO wai nā huahana i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia, me nā mea paʻa?
Ma kahi kokoke i 92% o nā huahana e pili ana i 25 tariff. ʻO nā huahana i hoʻopili nui ʻia, memea paa?
Wahi a nā ʻikepili kūpono i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka General Administration of Customs o koʻu ʻāina, e hoʻonui ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku o Kina i Mexico mai US $ 44 biliona a i US $ 46 biliona ma 2018 a i US $ 46 biliona i 2021, i US $ 66.9 biliona i 2021, a e hoʻonui hou aʻe i US $ 77.3. piliona ma 2022; I ka hapa mua o 2023, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai o nā mea kūʻai aku o Kina i Mexico ma mua o US $ 39.2 biliona. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻikepili ma mua o 2020, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea hoʻoiho ma kahi o 180%. Wahi a ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili kuʻuna, ʻo nā code ʻauhau 392 i helu ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Mekiko e pili ana i kahi waiwai kūʻai aku ma kahi o 6.23 biliona kālā ʻAmelika (e pili ana i ka ʻikepili i 2022, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i nā code dute o Kina a me Mexico, ʻo ia ka mea maoli. ʻAʻole hiki ke pololei ka helu i hoʻopili ʻia i kēia manawa).
I waena o lākou, ua māhele ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka uku hoʻokomo i ʻelima mau pae: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% a me 25%, akā ʻo ka poʻe me ka hopena koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka "windshield a me nā mea kino kino ma lalo o ka mea 8708" (10% ), "textiles" (15%) a me "ke kila, keleawe a me nā metala kumu alumini, rubber, huahana kemika, pepa, huahana seramika, aniani, mea uila, nā mea kani a me nā lako hale” (25%) a me nā ʻano huahana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā code ʻauhau 392 e pili ana i nā ʻāpana he 13 o koʻu ʻāina i nā kāʻei uku dute, a ʻo ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ʻo "huahana kila", "Pila a me ka ʻōpala", "nā lako lawe a me nā ʻāpana", "textiles" a me "nā mea like ʻole o ka lako" . ʻO kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelima e helu i ka 86% o ka nui o ka waiwai e lawe aku ai i Mexico i 2022. ʻO kēia mau ʻāpana huahana ʻelima pū kekahi i ʻike i ka ulu nui ʻana o nā mea hoʻopuka a Kina i Mexico i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea hana mīkini, keleawe, nickel, aluminika a me nā metala kumu ʻē aʻe a me kā lākou huahana, nā kāmaʻa a me nā pāpale, nā seramika aniani, ka pepa, nā mea kani a me nā ʻāpana, nā kemika, nā pōhaku a me nā metala makamae i hoʻonui ʻia i nā pae like ʻole me 2020.
ʻO ka lawe ʻana i koʻu ʻāina i nā ʻāpana kaʻa i Mexico ma ke ʻano he laʻana, e like me nā helu helu piha ʻole (ʻaʻole i kūlike nā kumukūʻai ma waena o Kina a me Mexico), ma waena o nā code ʻauhau 392 i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ke aupuni Mekiko i kēia manawa, nā huahana me nā code ʻauhau pili i ʻO ka ʻoihana kaʻa i ka makahiki 2022, ʻo China Exports to Mexico i helu ʻia no 32% o ka nui o nā mea hoʻopukapuka a Kina i Mexico i kēlā makahiki, a hiki i ka US $ 1.962 biliona; ʻoiai ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana kaʻa like i Mexico i ka hapa mua o 2023 i hōʻea i US $ 1.132 biliona. Wahi a nā manaʻo o ka ʻoihana, e hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo Kina i ka awelika o US $ 300 miliona i nā ʻāpana kaʻa i Mexico i kēlā me kēia mahina ma 2022. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma 2022, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana kaʻa o Kina i Mexico ma mua o US $ 3.6 biliona. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ma muli o ka nui o nā helu ʻauhau ʻāpana kaʻa, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ke aupuni Mekiko iā lākou i loko o ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻauhau lawe mai i kēia manawa.
Hoʻolālā kaulahao hoʻolako (friendshoring)
Wahi a nā helu kuʻuna Kina, nā uila, nā mīkini ʻenehana, nā kaʻa a me kā lākou mau ʻāpana nā huahana nui i lawe ʻia e Mexico mai Kina. I waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka ulu ʻana o nā kaʻa a me kā lākou mau ʻāpana ʻāpana, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki o 72% ma 2021 a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki he 50% ma 2022. Mai ka manaʻo o nā huahana kikoʻī. , ʻO ka lawe ʻana aku o Kina i nā kaʻa kaʻa ukana (4-helu helu kuʻuna: 8704) i Mekiko e hoʻonui ʻia e 353.4% makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma 2022, a e hoʻonui ʻia e 179.0% makahiki-ma-makahiki ma 2021; ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o 165.5% a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki he 119.8% ma 2021; ʻO ka chassis kaʻa kaʻa me nā ʻenekini (4-helu helu kuʻuna: 8706) ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki ma ka makahiki he 110.8% i 2022 a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki he 75.8% i ka makahiki 2021; a pela aku.
ʻO ka mea e pono ai e makaʻala, ʻaʻole pili ka ʻōlelo a Mexico no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai lawe mai i nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina i kau inoa i nā ʻaelike kālepa me Mexico. Ma kahi ʻano, ʻo kēia ʻōlelo ʻo ia ka hōʻike hou loa o ka hoʻolālā kaulahao hoʻolako "friendshoring" a ke aupuni US.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-28-2023