Pa Ogasiti 15, 2023, Purezidenti wa Mexico adasaina lamulo, kuyambira pa Ogasiti 16, kukweza zitsulo (fastener zipangizo), aluminiyamu, zinthu zansungwi, mphira, mankhwala, mafuta, sopo, mapepala, makatoni, zinthu za ceramic, magalasi Misonkho yomwe imakonda kwambiri mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zida zamagetsi, zida zoimbira ndi mipando.
Lamuloli likuwonjezera ndalama zogulira kunja zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu 392 zamitengo. Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zili m'mizere yamitengoyi tsopano zikuyenera kulipira 25% ya msonkho wolowa kunja, ndipo ndi nsalu zina zokha zomwe zimayenera kulipira 15%. Kusintha uku kwa mitengo yamitengo yochokera kunja kudayamba kugwira ntchito pa Ogasiti 16, 2023 ndipo kutha pa Julayi 31, 2025.
Fasteners chisamaliro fakitale ya Ndizinthu ziti zomwe zili ndi ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya?
Ponena za mankhwala omwe ali ndi ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya zomwe zalembedwa mu lamulo, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zochokera ku China ndi Taiwan; mbale zoziziritsa kukhosi zochokera ku China ndi Korea; TACHIMATA zitsulo lathyathyathya ku China ndi Taiwan; Zogulitsa kunja monga mapaipi azitsulo zamsoko zidzakhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mitengoyi.
Lamuloli lidzakhudza mgwirizano wamalonda ndi kuyenda kwa katundu pakati pa Mexico ndi omwe si a FTA omwe amagulitsa nawo malonda, mayiko omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zigawo kuphatikizapo Brazil, China, Taiwan, South Korea ndi India. Komabe, mayiko omwe Mexico ili ndi mgwirizano wamalonda waulere (FTA) sakhudzidwa ndi lamuloli.
Pafupifupi 92% yazogulitsa zimatengera 25 mitengo. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri, kuphatikiza zomangira?
Pafupifupi 92% yazogulitsa zimatengera 25 mitengo. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri, kuphatikizapozomangira?
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi General Administration of Customs ya dziko langa, malonda aku China kupita ku Mexico akwera kuchokera ku US $ 44 biliyoni mpaka US $ 46 biliyoni mu 2018 mpaka US $ 46 biliyoni mu 2021, mpaka US $ 66.9 biliyoni mu 2021, ndikuwonjezereka mpaka US $ 77.3 biliyoni mu 2022; Mu theka loyamba la 2023, mtengo wazogulitsa ku China ku Mexico udaposa $39.2 biliyoni. Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidachitika chaka cha 2020 chisanafike, zotumiza kunja zidakwera pafupifupi 180%. Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa kasitomu, misonkho 392 yomwe ili mu lamulo la Mexico imakhudza mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa $ 6.23 biliyoni waku US (kutengera zomwe zidachitika mu 2022, poganizira kuti pali kusiyana kwina pamasitomu aku China ndi Mexico, zenizeni. kuchuluka kokhudzidwa sikungakhale kolondola pakadali pano).
Pakati pawo, kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali kumagawidwa m'magulu asanu: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% ndi 25%, koma omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri amayang'ana "windshield ndi zipangizo zina za thupi pansi pa chinthu 8708" (10% ), "nsalu" (15%) ndi "zitsulo, mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu m'munsi zitsulo, mphira, mankhwala mankhwala, mapepala, zinthu ceramic, galasi, zipangizo zamagetsi, zida zoimbira ndi mipando" (25%) ndi magulu ena mankhwala.
Misonkho 392 imakhudza magawo 13 a misonkho ya dziko langa, ndipo zokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi “mankhwala achitsulo", "pulasitiki ndi labala", "zida zoyendera ndi magawo", "nsalu" ndi "mipando zosiyanasiyana" . Magulu asanuwa adzakhala ndi 86% ya mtengo wonse wotumizidwa ku Mexico mu 2022. Magulu asanu awa azinthu ndi magulu omwe awona kukula kwakukulu kwa katundu wa China kupita ku Mexico m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zamakina, mkuwa, faifi tambala, aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zina zam'munsi ndi zinthu zawo, nsapato ndi zipewa, zoumba zamagalasi, mapepala, zida zoimbira ndi magawo, mankhwala, miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zidakweranso mosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi 2020.
Kutengera dziko langa kutumiza zida zamagalimoto ku Mexico mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira (mitengo pakati pa China ndi Mexico sagwirizana kwathunthu), pakati pa misonkho 392 yosinthidwa ndi boma la Mexico nthawi ino, zinthu zomwe zili ndi misonkho zokhudzana ndi msika wamagalimoto mu 2022, China Exports to Mexico idatenga 32% ya China yomwe idatumizidwa ku Mexico chaka chimenecho, kufika US $ 1.962 biliyoni; pomwe kutumiza kwa zinthu zamagalimoto zofananira ku Mexico mu theka loyamba la 2023 kudafika US $ 1.132 biliyoni. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwamakampani, dziko la China lidzatumiza pafupifupi US$300 miliyoni m'zigawo zamagalimoto ku Mexico mwezi uliwonse mu 2022. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mu 2022, zida zamagalimoto zaku China zomwe zimatumizidwa ku Mexico zidzapitilira US $ 3.6 biliyoni. Kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi ndi chifukwa chakuti pali nambala zambiri zamisonkho zamagalimoto, ndipo boma la Mexico silinawaphatikizepo pakuwonjezeka kwa misonkho yochokera kunja nthawi ino.
Supply chain strategy (kucheza ndi anzanu)
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamakasitomu aku China, zamagetsi, makina am'mafakitale, magalimoto ndi magawo awo ndizomwe zimatumizidwa ndi Mexico kuchokera ku China. Pakati pawo, kukula kwa magalimoto ndi zida zawo zosungirako ndizowonjezereka, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 72% mu 2021 ndi chaka ndi chaka chiwonjezeko cha 50% mu 2022. Kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu zenizeni , Kutumiza kwa China kwa magalimoto onyamula katundu (kachidindo ka manambala 4: 8704) kupita ku Mexico kudzakwera ndi 353.4% pachaka mu 2022, ndipo kudzawonjezeka ndi 179.0% pachaka mu 2021; Kuwonjezeka kwa 165.5% ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 119.8% mu 2021; chassis yamagalimoto okhala ndi injini (makhodi a kasitomu a manambala 4: 8706) kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 110.8% mu 2022 ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 75.8% mu 2021; ndi zina zotero.
Choyenera kukhala tcheru ndi chakuti lamulo la Mexico lokhudza kukweza mitengo yamtengo wapatali silikugwira ntchito kumayiko ndi zigawo zomwe zasayina mgwirizano wamalonda ndi Mexico. Mwanjira ina, lamuloli ndi chiwonetsero chaposachedwa kwambiri chaboma la US "friendshoring" njira zopezera zinthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-28-2023