Popeza kuti mayendedwe onyamula katundu wa pandege ali ndi zofunika zachitetezo chambiri, makamaka akanyamula katundu pogwiritsa ntchito pamimba ya ndege yonyamula anthu, katundu wina wamandege amafunikira lipoti loyesa. Ndiye lipoti la air cargo appraisal ndi chiyani? Ndi katundu wotani amene ayenera kupereka chizindikiritso cha ndege? M'chiganizo chimodzi, zikutanthauza kuti ngati n'kosatheka kudziwa ngati katunduyo ali ndi zoopsa zobisika kapena katunduyo sangathe kugawidwa bwino ndikuzindikiridwa, lipoti loyesa katundu wa ndege likufunika!
Kodi chizindikiritso cha katundu wa ndege ndi chiyani?
Dzina lonse la kuyesa kwamayendedwe apamlengalenga ndi "Air Transport Conditions Identification Report". M'Chingerezi, imatchedwa Identification and Classification Report for Air Transport of Goods, yomwe imadziwika kuti kuyesa kapena kuyesa ndege.
Ndi katundu uti womwe umafuna chizindikiritso cha ndege? Ndi zomangirawedge nangula trubolt ulusi ndodokuphatikizapo?
- Katundu wamaginito
2. Katundu wa ufa
3. Katundu wokhala ndi zakumwa ndi mpweya
4. Katundu wa mankhwala
5. Katundu wamafuta
6. Katundu wokhala ndi mabatire
Kodi lipoti la kayezedwe ka kayendedwe ka ndege limaphatikizapo chiyani?
Zomwe zili mu chiphaso choyezera mayendedwe onyamula katundu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi dzina la katundu ndi logo ya kampani yake, zinthu zazikulu zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, zowopsa za zinthu zonyamulidwa, malamulo ndi malamulo otengera kuwunika, njira zotayira mwadzidzidzi, ndi zina zambiri. ndikupereka mayunitsi a mayendedwe ndi chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi chitetezo chamayendedwe. Anzanga, nthawi zonse mukakumana ndi katundu wokhala ndi zoopsa zobisika panthawi yamayendedwe, ndi bwino kuti mupereke lipoti loyezetsa molondola malinga ndi momwe katundu amayendera.
Kodi chidziwitso chokhudza mayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndi chiyani?
Zinthu zisanu ndi zitatu zofufuza zonyamula katundu pa ndege:
1. Dzina la malonda (kaya ndi katundu woopsa)
2. Kulemera kwake (ndalama zomwe zikuphatikizidwa), kuchuluka (kukula kwake komanso ngati katundu ali mgulu)
3. Kupaka (kaya bokosi lamatabwa kapena ayi, mphasa kapena ayi)
4. Kofikira eyapoti (yoyambira kapena ayi)
5. Nthawi yofunikira (ndege yolunjika kapena yolumikizira ndege)
6. Pemphani maulendo apandege (kusiyana kwa utumiki ndi mitengo pakati pa ndege iliyonse)
7. Mtundu wa bilu yonyamula (bilu yayikulu ndi bilu yaying'ono)
8. Ntchito zoyendera zofunikira (njira yolengezera makonda, zikalata zamabungwe, kaya kuchotsa miyambo ndi kutumiza, ndi zina zotero)
Zonyamula ndege zimagawidwa kukhala katundu wolemetsa komanso katundu wonyezimira. 1CBM = 167KG Poyerekeza kulemera kwa volumetric ndi kulemera kwenikweni, chomwe chili chachikulu chidzaperekedwa. Inde, pali chinsinsi chaching'ono mumayendedwe a ndege, omwe aliyense wamakampani ayenera kudziwa, kotero sikoyenera kuyankhula za izo pano. Opanga omwe samvetsetsa amatha kudziwerengera okha.
Kodi mayina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe apamlengalenga ndi ati?
ATA/ATD (Nthawi Yeniyeni Yofika / Nthawi Yeniyeni Yonyamuka)
实际到港/离港时间的缩写.
航空货运单 (AWB (Air Waybill)
Air Waybill (AWB)
Chikalata choperekedwa ndi kapena m'malo mwa wotumiza ndi umboni wa kunyamula katundu pakati pa wotumiza ndi wonyamulira.
无人陪伴行李（Katundu, Osaperekezedwa)
Katundu yemwe samanyamulidwa ngati katundu wonyamulira koma amalowetsedwamo, ndi katundu yemwe amasungidwa ngati katundu wosungidwa.
保税仓库（Bonded Warehouse)
Bonded Warehouse M'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotere, katundu amatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yopanda malire popanda kulipira msonkho wolowera kunja.
散件货物 (Bulk Cargo)
Zinthu zambiri zomwe sizinapakidwe pallet ndikulongedza m'matumba.
CAO (Cargo for Freighter Only)
Chidule cha "Freighter Only" chikutanthauza kuti chikhoza kunyamulidwa ndi wonyamula katundu.
到付运费.Kusonkhanitsa Malipiro)
Lembani zolipiritsa kwa wotumiza pamayendedwe apaulendo.
预付运费 (Malipiro Olipiriratu)
Lembani zolipiridwa ndi wotumiza pa airwaybill.
计费重量 (Kulemera Kokwanira)
Kulemera komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera katundu wapamlengalenga. Kulemera kolipitsidwa kungakhale kolemera kwa volumetric, kapena katundu akalowetsedwa m'galimoto, kulemera kwa katundu kuchotseratu kulemera kwa galimoto.
到岸价格CIF (Mtengo, Inshuwaransi ndi Katundu)
Zimatanthawuza "mtengo, inshuwaransi ndi katundu", zomwe ndi C&F kuphatikiza inshuwaransi ya wogulitsa kuti asawonongeke komanso kuwonongeka kwa katundu. Wogulitsa ayenera kusaina mgwirizano ndi inshuwaransi ndikulipira ndalamazo.
收货人 (Wotumiza)
Munthu amene dzina lake lalembedwa pa airwaybill ndi amene amalandira katundu kutumizidwa ndi chonyamulira.
交运货物 (Kutumiza）
Wonyamula katundu amalandira chidutswa chimodzi kapena zingapo za katundu kuchokera kwa wotumiza pa nthawi ndi malo enaake ndikuzipititsa kumalo enaake panjira imodzi ya ndege.
发货人 (Consignor）
Zofanana ndi wotumiza.
集运货物 (Consolidated Consignment)
Katundu wa katundu wotumizidwa ndi otumiza awiri kapena kuposerapo, aliyense wa iwo wasaina mgwirizano wonyamula katundu wa ndege ndi wothandizira wophatikiza.
集运代理人 (Consolidator)
Munthu kapena bungwe lomwe limaphatikiza katundu kukhala katundu wophatikizidwa.
COSAC (Community Systems for Air Cargo)
Chidule cha makompyuta a "chidziwitso chapamwamba". Ndizidziwitso komanso makina apakompyuta a Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminal Co., Ltd.
Kasitomu
Bungwe la boma (lotchedwa Customs and Excise Department ku Hong Kong) lomwe lili ndi udindo wotolera katundu wolowa ndi kutumiza kunja ndi kuletsa kuzembetsa ndi kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
海关代码 (Kodi Customs)
Khodi yowonjezeredwa ndi dipatimenti ya Customs and Excise ku Hong Kong (C&ED) pagulu la katundu kusonyeza zotsatira za chilolezo cha kasitomu kapena zomwe zikuyenera kuperekedwa kwa wotumiza/wotumiza katundu.
清关 (Malipiro akasitomu)
Mwambo wa kasitomu womwe uyenera kukwaniritsidwa potengera kapena kukatenga katundu komwe wachokera, podutsa komanso kopita.
危险货物 (Zinthu Zowopsa)
Katundu wowopsa ndi zinthu kapena zinthu zomwe zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi, chitetezo kapena katundu ponyamula ndege.
运输申报价值 (Mtengo Wolengezedwa Wonyamula)
Mtengo wa katundu wolengezedwa ndi wonyamulira kwa wonyamula katundu ndi cholinga chofuna kudziwa mtengo wa katundu kapena kuyika malire pa udindo wa wonyamula katundu pakutayika, kuwonongeka, kapena kuchedwa.
海关申报价值 (Mtengo Wolengezedwa wa Customs)
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamtengo wazinthu zomwe zalengezedwa ku kasitomu ndi cholinga chofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa msonkho wakunja.
垫付款 (Kubweza.
Ndalama zolipiridwa ndi chonyamulira kwa wothandizira kapena chonyamulira china ndikusonkhanitsidwa ndi chonyamulira chomaliza kuchokera kwa wotumiza. Ndalamazi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa potengera katundu ndi zolipiritsa mwangozi zomwe wothandizila kapena wonyamulira katunduyo amakumana nazo ponyamula katunduyo.
EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transportation)
Ndichidule cha "Electronic Information Exchange for Management, Commerce and Transportation". EDIFACT ndi mulingo wapadziko lonse lapansi wamawu am'mawu osinthana ndi mauthenga pakompyuta.
禁运 (Embargo)
Zikutanthauza kukana kwa wonyamula katundu mkati mwa nthawi inayake kunyamula katundu, mtundu uliwonse kapena giredi ya katundu kupita ndi kuchokera kudera lililonse kapena malo panjira iliyonse kapena mbali yanjira kapena kuvomera kusamutsa.
ETA/ETD (Nthawi Yoyerekeza Yofika / Nthawi Yoyerekeza Yonyamuka)
Chidule cha nthawi yoyerekeza yofika/yonyamuka.
License Yotumiza kunja
Chikalata chovomerezeka ndi boma chomwe chimaloleza mwini wake (wotumiza) kutumiza katundu wina kudera linalake.
FIATA (Federation Internationale des Associations de Transitaires et Assimilées)
FIATA Licensee - Wapatsidwa chilolezo chopereka zikalata za FIATA [FIATA Bill of Lading (FBL) "monga Wonyamula" & Forwarders Certificate of Consignor and Forwarders Certificate of Receipt (FCR)] ku Hong Kong Receipt (FCR)]. Kutetezedwa ndi inshuwaransi yonyamula katundu (malire ochepera: US$250,000).
离岸价格FOB (Yaulere Pabwalo)
Pansi pa "mfulu pa bolodi", katunduyo amatumizidwa ndi wogulitsa pa doko lotumizira lomwe likufotokozedwa mu mgwirizano wogulitsa. Kuopsa kwa kutayika kapena kuwonongeka kwa katundu kumapita kwa wogula pamene katunduyo akudutsa njanji ya sitimayo (ndiko kuti, atachoka pa doko ndikuyikidwa pa sitimayo), ndipo ndalama zothandizira zimalipidwa ndi wogulitsa.
机场离岸价 (FOB Airport)
Mawuwa akufanana ndi mawu akuti FOB. Wogulitsayo akapereka katundu kwa wonyamulira ndege pa eyapoti yonyamuka, chiopsezo chotayika chimasamutsidwa kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kupita kwa wogula.
货运代理 (Wotsogolera)
Wothandizira kapena kampani yomwe imapereka chithandizo (monga kusonkhanitsa, kutumiza, kapena kutumiza) kuonetsetsa ndikuthandizira pamayendedwe a katundu.
总重 (Malemeledwe onse)
Kulemera konse kwa katunduyo, kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa bokosi ndi zipangizo zonyamula.
HAFFA (Hong Kong Air Freight Forwarding Association)
Freight Forwarder Air Waybill (ie: Freight Waybill) (HAWB) (House Air Waybill)
IATA (International Air Transport Association)
Chidule cha International Air Transport Association. IATA ndi bungwe lamakampani oyendetsa ndege, lomwe limapereka chithandizo kwa ndege, okwera, eni katundu, othandizira apaulendo ndi maboma. Bungweli likufuna kulimbikitsa chitetezo komanso kukhazikika kwamayendedwe apamlengalenga (kuyang'anira katundu, matikiti a ndege, mawonetsedwe olemera) ndikuthandizira kutsimikiza kwa zolipiritsa zapadziko lonse lapansi. IATA ili ku Geneva, Switzerland.
进口许可证 (Chilolezo cha Kulowetsa)
Chikalata cha layisensi ya boma chomwe chimalola mwiniwake (wotumiza) kuitanitsa katundu wotchulidwa.
标记 (Zizindikiro）
Zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikiritsa katunduyo kapena kuwonetsa zambiri zokhudzana ndi mwiniwake wa katunduyo zimayikidwa papaketi ya katunduyo.
航空公司货运单（Master Air Waybill)
Ili ndi kalata yotumizira ndege yomwe ili ndi katundu wophatikizidwa, yomwe imatchula wotumiza ngati wotumiza.
中性航空运单（Neutral Air Waybill)
Katundu wamba wamba wopanda chonyamulira dzina.
鲜活货物 (Katundu Wowonongeka)
Zinthu zowonongeka zomwe zimatengera kutentha, chinyezi kapena zinthu zina zachilengedwe kwa nthawi yodziwika kapena kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi kapena zina zachilengedwe.
Katundu Wopakidwatu
Katundu yemwe wapakidwa mgalimoto ndi wotumiza asanaperekedwe kwa woyendetsa.
收货核对清单（Mndandanda Wolandirira alendo)
Chikalata choperekedwa ndi woyendetsa katundu atalandira katundu wa wotumiza.
受管制托运商制度（Regulated Agent Regime)
Ndi dongosolo loti boma liwonetsetse chitetezo kwa onse oyendetsa ndege.
提货单 (Fomu yotulutsa)
Chikalata choperekedwa ndi wonyamula katundu kupita kwa wotumiza kuti akatenge katundu kuchokera kwa wonyamula katundu.
托运人 (Wotumiza)
Munthu kapena kampani yotchulidwa mu mgwirizano wonyamula katundu kuti apereke katundu kwa wotumiza.
活动物／危险品 托运人证明书 (Sitifiketi ya Shipper ya nyama zamoyo / katundu wowopsa)
Mawu a wotumiza - mawu oti katunduyo adayikidwa bwino, akufotokozedwa molondola, ndipo ndi yoyenera kuyendetsa ndege motsatira ndondomeko yaposachedwa ya malamulo a IATA ndi malamulo onse onyamula katundu ndi malamulo a boma.
托运人托运声明书（简称：托运书）Kalata Yophunzitsa Otumiza (Shipper)
Chikalata chomwe chili ndi malangizo a wotumiza kapena wotumizira okhudzana ndi kukonza zikalata ndi kutumiza katundu.
STA/STD (Konzani Nthawi Yofika / Nthawi Yonyamuka)
预计到港／离港时间的缩写
TACT (The Air Cargo Tariff)
Chidule cha "Air Cargo Tariff" yofalitsidwa ndi International Aviation Press (IAP) mogwirizana ndi International Air Transport Association (IATA).
运费表 (Mtengo）
Mtengo, zolipiritsa ndi/kapena zolipiritsa zotengera zonyamulira katundu. Ndalama zotumizira zimasiyana malinga ndi dziko, kulemera kwa katundu, ndi/kapena wonyamulira.
载具 (Chida Chotsitsa Chigawo)
Mtundu uliwonse wa chidebe kapena mphasa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu.
贵重货物 (Katundu Wamtengo Wapatali)
Katundu wonenedweratu kuti ndi wolemera kapena woposa US$1,000 pa kilogalamu, monga golide ndi diamondi.
声明价值附加费 (Mtengo wamtengo wapatali (Valuation Charge)
Ndalama zoyendetsera katundu zimatengera mtengo wazinthu zomwe zalengezedwa panthawi yotumizidwa.
易受损坏或易遭盗窃的货物 (Vulnerable Cargo)
Katundu amene alibe mtengo wolengezedwa koma momveka bwino amafunikira kusamaliridwa bwino, kapena zomwe zimakhala pachiwopsezo chakuba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-15-2023