(CBAM), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Carbon Border Tax kapena Carbon Border Tax, ndi msonkho woperekedwa ndi EU pa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni wazinthu zina zobwera kunja. Dongosololi limafuna kuti zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri zomwe zimatumizidwa kapena kutumizidwa kuchokera ku EU zilipire misonkho ndi chindapusa chofananira kapena kubweza ndalama zofananira ndi carbon emission quotas.
Mafakitale omwe amaperekedwa ndi "carbon tariff" amaphimba zitsulo, simenti, aluminiyamu, feteleza, magetsi ndi haidrojeni, makamaka zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri mpweya womwe umapangidwa popanga komanso utsi wosalunjika m'magulu atatu akuluakulu a simenti, magetsi ndi feteleza (ie panthawi yopanga. Mpweya wa kaboni kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ogulidwa, nthunzi, kutentha kapena kuziziritsa) ndi zinthu zochepa zapansi.
1. Kodi “EU Carbon Border Regulation Mechanism” ndi chiyani?(Ma Wedge Bolt a Konkire)
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ndi lamulo lothandizira la EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). ETS imafuna kuti opanga zinthu zophimbidwa ku EU agule ziphaso zotulutsa mpweya kuchokera kuboma kutengera mpweya womwe umapangidwa panthawi yopanga. CBAM imafuna otumiza kunja kwa zinthu zophimbidwa kuti agule ziphaso zotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku EU. M'malo mwake, pamafunika opanga omwe si a EU omwe amatumiza zinthu zophimbidwa ku EU kuti alipire ndalama zofananira zotulutsa mpweya monga opanga mkati mwa EU.
2. Kodi CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) idzayamba liti kugwira ntchito ndi kukhazikitsidwa?(Nsomba Zopangidwa ndi Ulusi)
CBAM idayamba kugwira ntchito pa 17 Meyi 2023 ndipo ikhazikitsidwa kuyambira pa 1 Okutobala 2023 molingana ndi Ndime 36 ya CBAM.
Kukhazikitsa kwa CBAM kumagawidwa m'magawo osinthika komanso okhazikika. Malinga ndi malamulo a CBAM, nthawi yosinthira ya CBAM ikuchokera pa Okutobala 1, 2023 mpaka Disembala 31, 2025.
Panthawi ya kusintha, udindo waukulu wa ogulitsa kunja kwa CBAM ndi kupereka malipoti a kotala ku bungwe la CBAM. Zomwe zili mu lipotili ndi:
(1) Kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse za CBAM zomwe zatulutsidwa kunja kwa kotala;
(2) Kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni wowerengeredwa molingana ndi CBAM Annex 4;
(3) Mtengo wa kaboni womwe umayenera kulipira m'dziko lawo. Malipoti sayenera kuperekedwa pasanathe mwezi umodzi kutha kwa kotala iliyonse. Kulephera kupereka malipoti pa nthawi yake kumabweretsa zilango.
3. Kodi CBAM ili ndi mafakitale ati?(Chemical Bolt)
CBAM itakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo, idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo, simenti, feteleza, aluminiyamu, magetsi ndi haidrojeni, komanso zina zoyambira (monga ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferronickel, kaolin ndi kaolins zina, etc.) ndi zinthu zina zapansi (monga monga zomangira zitsulo ndi mabawuti) ). Annex 1 ya CBAM Act imatchula mayina ndi ma code azinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi CBAM.
4. Mungapeze bwanji ziyeneretso zovomerezeka za CBAM?(Drywall Anchor Screws)
Ulamuliro woyenerera wa Membala wa State State komwe wopemphayo amakhala ali ndi udindo wopereka udindo wa CBAM Authorized Notifier. Udindo wa fayilo yovomerezeka ya CBAM izindikirika m'maiko onse a mamembala a EU. Asanavomereze pempho la wodziwitsa, akuluakulu oyenerera adzakambirana ndi kaundula wa CBAM, zomwe zidzakhudza akuluakulu a mayiko ena a EU ndi European Commission.
5. Chifukwa chiyani mukufunika kupeza ziyeneretso zovomerezeka za CBAM?(Tsitsani Nangula Pa Konkriti)
Mafayilo osaloleka a CBAM amaletsedwa kuitanitsa katundu wa CBAM.
Ngati munthu wina kusiyapo wovomerezeka wa CBAM alowetsa katundu ku EU mophwanya CBAM, chindapusa chidzaperekedwa. Kuchuluka kwa chindapusacho kudzatengera nthawi, kuuma kwake, kuchuluka kwake, dala ndi kubwereza kwa zomwe akuchita, komanso ubale wapakati pa munthu wolangidwayo ndi wolamulira woyenerera wa CBAM. digiri ya mgwirizano. Ngati satifiketi ya CBAM siinaperekedwe ndi munthu wolangidwayo, chilangocho chidzakhala 3-5 nthawi zomwe zatchulidwa mu ndime 1 ya chaka choyambitsa katunduyo.
6. Mungagule bwanji satifiketi ya CBAM?(Maboti a Foundation Anchor)
European Commission iyenera kukhazikitsa malo amodzi pakati pa European Commission ndi Mayiko Amembala pogulitsa ziphaso za CBM. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala akuyenera kugulitsa ziphaso za CBAM kwa mafayilo ovomerezeka a CBAM.
Mtengo wa satifiketi za CBAM udzatsimikiziridwa kutengera mtengo wapakati wotseka wa EU Emissions Trading Scheme papulatifomu wamba yogulitsa sabata iliyonse ya kalendala. Mtengo wapakati woterewu udzasindikizidwa ndi European Commission patsamba lake kapena ndi njira ina iliyonse yoyenera pa tsiku loyamba la sabata lakalendala lotsatira ndipo idzagwira ntchito kuyambira tsiku loyamba la sabata lakalendala lotsatira.
7. Mungapereke bwanji satifiketi ya CBAM?(Chitsulo chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri)
Mafayilo ovomerezeka a CBAM akuyenera kupereka ziphaso zingapo za CBAM kudzera mu Registry ya CBAM pamaso pa Meyi 31 chaka chilichonse. Chiwerengero cha satifiketi chizikhala chogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe walengezedwa molingana ndi Ndime 6, ndime 2 (c) ndikutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi Ndime 8.
Mafayilo ovomerezeka a CBAM akuyenera kupereka ziphaso zingapo za CBAM kudzera mu Registry ya CBAM pamaso pa Meyi 31 chaka chilichonse. Chiwerengero cha satifiketi chizikhala chogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe walengezedwa molingana ndi Ndime 6, ndime 2 (c) ndikutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi Ndime 8.
Ngati bungwe la Commission likuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa ziphaso za CBAM muakaunti sikukukwaniritsa zofunikira, idziwitsa akuluakulu adziko lomwe wolengeza wovomerezeka ali. Ulamuliro woyenerera udzadziwitsa wolengeza wovomerezeka mkati mwa mwezi umodzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali ziphaso zokwanira za CBM muakaunti yake. Satifiketi ya CBAM.
8. Zotani ndi ziphaso zotsala za CBAM zitaperekedwa?()
Ziphaso zotsalira za CBAM pambuyo poti wovomerezeka wa CBAM wapereka ziphaso monga zikufunikira zidzawomboledwanso ndi membala yemwe adalengezapo. European Commission iyenera kugulanso ziphaso za CBM m'malo mwa Mayiko omwe ali mamembala.
Kuwombolanso kotereku kudzangokhala 1/3 ya ziwerengero zonse za Zitifiketi za CBAM zomwe zidagulidwa ndi mafayilo ovomerezeka a CBAM chaka cham'mbuyomu. Mtengo wowombola ukhala mtengo womwe satifiketi idagulidwa ndi wovomerezeka.
9. Kodi satifiketi ya CBM ili ndi nthawi yovomerezeka?(Zida za Hardware)
European Commission idzaletsa pofika pa 1 Julayi chaka chilichonse Satifiketi ya CBAM yomwe idagulidwa chaka cham'mbuyo cha kalendala yomwe imakhalabe muakaunti mu Registry ya CBAM.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-27-2023