Ndalama zonyamula katundu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuitanitsa ndi kutumiza kunja, ndipo makampani ambiri otumiza sitima samayembekezera kukwera kwambiri kwa mitengo ya katundu.
Poyang'anizana ndi kusayenda bwino kwachuma kwa mayiko aku Asia, mtengo wonyamula katundu kuchokera ku Asia kupita ku United States wayamba kukwera mwachangu mwakachetechete. Chodabwitsa ichi ndi chachilendo.
Deta yaposachedwa yomwe yatulutsidwa posachedwa idawonetsa kuti kugulitsa kunja kwa Japan kudagwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pazaka zopitilira ziwiri, kuwonetsa kuti kuyambiranso kwachuma kukukumana ndi mavuto akulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, deta yotumiza kunja kwa mayiko akuluakulu amalonda aku Asia monga South Korea ndi Vietnam ndi yofooka kwambiri komanso yodetsa nkhawa.
Komabe, mumsika wonyamula katundu wonyamula katundu, pali zinthu zina zomwe zikubwera. M'masabata asanu ndi limodzi omwe amatha pa Ogasiti 15, chiwongola dzanja chapakati pamapazi 40 chotumizidwa kuchokera ku China kupita ku United States chinakwera 61% kufika $2,075. Odziwa bwino zamakampani amanena kuti chifukwa chachikulu chakukwera kwamitengo kumeneku ndikuti makampani akuluakulu onyamula katundu apanga masinthidwe achinyengo pamitengo yonyamula katundu. Zimphona zonyamula katundu monga Maersk ndi CMA CGM, zomwe magwiridwe ake akutsikabe, awonjezera mtengo wowonjezera wa GRI, mtengo wa FAK komanso zolipiritsa zotumizira monga peak season surcharge (PSS) panjira zina. FIXDEX fakitale makamaka imatulutsatrubolt nangula wedge, ndodo za ulusi.
Kang Shuchun, wapampando wa International Freight Forwarding Branch ya China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing ndi CEO wa China International Shipping Network, poyankhulana ndi atolankhani kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mitengo ya katundu kumabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwamakampani otumiza katundu. Maersk ndi makampani ena onyamula katundu adakweza mitengo mwa njira imodzi. Izi zidzabweretsa chisokonezo pamsika ndikuwonjezera mitengo ya katundu, m'malo mobwereranso pamsika.
Makampani ambiri onyamula katundu alibe ziyembekezo zazikulu za kukwera mitengo ya katundu. Wapampando wa Evergreen Shipping, a Zhang Yanyi, adanenapo kuti msika wapadziko lonse wonyamula katundu wapadziko lonse udakali pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso kuchuluka kwa kufunikira komanso kusalinganiza kwakukulu pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunikira. CMA CGM inanenanso mu lipoti lake lazachuma kuti msika wamakampani oyendetsa mayendedwe ndi kayendetsedwe kazinthu udasokonekera mu theka loyamba la 2023, komanso kuti kusatsimikizika kwachuma komanso dziko lapansi kudakhalabe mu theka lachiwiri la chaka, ndikukula pang'onopang'ono kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu zomwe zangoperekedwa kumene zikupitilirabe kumsika, zomwe zitha kupitiliza kutsitsa mitengo yonyamula katundu, makamaka panjira zakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo.
Mitengo isanakwere, mitengo yonyamula katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku US West Coast idatsika kuchokera pafupifupi $ 10,000 pabokosi lililonse mu February 2022 mpaka zosakwana $ 1,300 kumapeto kwa Juni chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwamaoda chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa ogulitsa komanso kufunikira kofooka. Dulani phindu lamakampani akuluakulu otumiza zombo.
Pakuwonjezeka kwamtengo waposachedwa, ogulitsa ambiri aku America akuwoneka kuti ali okonzeka. Tim Smith, wotsogolera zapadziko lonse lapansi wotumiza katundu ndi katundu kwa ogulitsa katundu wapanyumba ku Gabe's Old Time Pottery, adati kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwamitengo yotumizira kunali ndi zotsatira zochepa. Kampaniyo idatsekereza mitengo yotumizira koyambirira kwa chaka chino, ndikutsekera theka la katunduyo pamtengo wokhazikika womwe tsopano ukugulitsa pansi pamitengo. "Mitundu yonyamula katundu imatha kubwereranso pansi, ndipo titha kupindula pobwerera kumsika nthawi ina," adatero Smith.
Katundu akhoza kutsikanso
Ogulitsa kunja ndi akatswiri ogulitsa zombo akuyembekeza kuti kukwera kwaposachedwa kwamitengo yonyamula katundu kudzakhala kwakanthawi - zotengera zaku US zatsala pang'ono kutsika chaka chapitacho, pomwe zombo zina zapanyanja zayamba kutumiza zombo zatsopano zomwe adayitanitsa panthawi yomwe kufunidwa kunali kofunikira. kukwera pachimake. Msika umalowetsa mphamvu zowonjezera.
Malinga ndi bungwe la zamalonda la Danish Bimco, kubweretsa zombo zatsopano m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yoyambirira ya 2023 kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa makontena 1.2 miliyoni, ndikulemba mbiri. Clarksons, wothandizira zombo, amaloseranso kuti kutumizidwa kwa zombo zatsopano zapadziko lonse lapansi kudzafika ma TEU 2 miliyoni chaka chino, ndikuyika mbiri yotumiza pachaka ndikuyendetsa zombo zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti zichuluke pafupifupi 7%. Kufikira 2.5 miliyoni TEU.
Zimphona zoyendetsa sitima zapanyanja monga Maersk zachepetsa kupezeka poyimitsa maulendo apanyanja ndikuchepetsa zombo, ndikutulutsa mphamvu. Koma a Philip Damas, woyang'anira wamkulu wa Drewry Shipping Consulting Group, adati zotengera zambiri zikuyembekezeka kuyamba kugwira ntchito chaka chamawa. "Kuchulukirachulukira kudzakhudzanso ntchito yonyamula katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, titha kuwona mitengo ya katundu wapamalo ikuyambiranso kutsika m'dzinja lino."
Pazifukwa izi, kodi ntchito ya kampani yotumiza zombo zokweza katundu wapanyanja itenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kang Shuchun, wapampando wa International Freight Forwarding Branch ya China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing ndi CEO wa China International Shipping Network, akukhulupirira kuti kukwera kwamitengo kudzalepheretsa kwambiri malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama ziwonjezeke komanso kuchepetsa kugulitsa. Pankhani ya kuchepa kwa katundu, kuwonjezeka kwa katundu ndi kosakhazikika. Kang Shuchun akulosera kuti, "Kukwera kwamitengo kwa kampani yotumiza katundu kudzakhala pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, ndipo mtengo wa katundu udzatsika pambuyo pake. Ngati palibe zifukwa zina zapadera ndipo msika uli wabwino, masewerawa pakati pa kampani yotumiza katundu ndi mwiniwake wa katundu asintha posachedwa kukhala nkhondo pakati pa kampani yotumiza ndi yotumiza. Masewera amakampani. ”
Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makampani otumiza
Pakali pano, kuti apeze phindu lochulukirapo, makampani ena otumiza sitima akuganiza zosonkhetsa ndalama zowonjezera panyengo yomwe ikukwera kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti mitengo yokhazikika pamakontrakitala anthawi yayitali ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi yomwe ili pamsika wamalo osakhazikika. Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mizere yonyamula katundu m'mbuyomu kuti athane ndi kufunikira kwakukulu patchuthi chakugwa ndi kumapeto kwa chaka.
Komabe, Erin Fleet, director of Logistics for Travelpro Products, kampani yonyamula katundu ku Florida, adati adakana kuyesa kwa wonyamulira kuti apereke chiwongola dzanja chomwe chingasokoneze otumiza ambiri mu 2021 ndi 2022 (kuthamangira kupeza malo). Ndi zosayerekezeka. Koma izi ndi zomwe zokambirana zapano zikukhudza, ndipo voliyumu kapena msika sizilola. “
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-31-2023