Izinto zebhawunti zeBakala 12.9

Kukho izinto ezintathu eziphambili zebakala 12.9 iibholithi (12.9 wedge iankile, 12.9 ngebholiti): i-anchor ye-carbon steel wedge, i-anchor ye-wedge yensimbi engenasici, kunye nobhedu.

(1) Intsimbi yeCarbon (njengecarbon steel Wedge Anchor Bolts). Siyahlula i-carbon steel ephantsi, i-medium carbon steel, i-carbon steel ephezulu kunye ne-alloy steel esekelwe kwi-carbon content kwi-carbon steel material.

1. Insimbi ye-carbon ephantsi kunye ne-C% <0.25% idla ngokuba yintsimbi ye-A3 e-China. Ngaphandle, zibizwa ngokuba yi-1008, 1015, 1018, 1022, njl.

2. Medium carbon steel 0.25%

Intsimbi yealloyi: Yongeza izinto zealloyi kwintsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo ukunyusa iipropathi ezikhethekileyo zentsimbi: ezinje nge35, 40 chromium silver, SCM435

3. 10B38. Izikrufu zeFangsheng zisebenzisa ikakhulu i-SCM435 chromium-platinum alloy steel, ezona nxalenye ziphambili ziyi-C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, kunye ne-Mo.

(2) Insimbi engenasici (njengentsimbi engenasici). Ibakala lokusebenza: 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, ikakhulu austenite (18% Cr, 8% Ni), ukumelana kakuhle nobushushu

Ukuchasana nokugqwesa okulungileyo kunye ne-weldability elungileyo. I-A1, i-A2, i-A4 i-martensite kunye ne-13% ye-Cr inokumelana ne-corrosion embi, amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle. C1,C

2. C4 ferritic steel stainless. I-18% ye-Cr inokuqhubekeka ngcono kunye nokuxhathisa okunamandla kokuhlwa kune-martensite. Okwangoku, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwimarike zenziwa ikakhulu eJapan.

Ngcamla. Ngokwenqanaba, lahlulwe ikakhulu kwi-SUS302, SUS304 kunye ne-SUS316.

3) Ubhedu. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo lubhedu…zinc-copper alloy. I-H62, i-H65, kunye ne-H68 yobhedu isetyenziswa kakhulu njengeendawo eziqhelekileyo kwimarike.

12.9 Impembelelo yezinto ezahlukeneyo kwizinto zebholithi kwiipropati zentsimbi:

1. I-Carbon (C): Iphucula amandla eengxenye zentsimbi, ngakumbi iimpawu zayo zonyango lobushushu, kodwa njengoko umxholo wekhabhoni usanda, iplastiki kunye nokuqina kuncipha.

Kwaye kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-welding ebandayo kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding yeendawo zentsimbi.

2. I-Manganese (Mn): Ukuphucula amandla eentsimbi zentsimbi kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwinqanaba elithile. Oko kukuthi, ukunyanzeliswa kokungena okunzima kwandiswa ngexesha lokuveliswa komlilo.

Isenokuphucula umgangatho womphezulu, kodwa imanganese eninzi iyonakalisa i-ductility kunye ne-weldability. Kwaye kuya kuchaphazela ukulawulwa kwengubo ngexesha le-electroplating.

3. I-Nickel (Ni): Iphucula amandla amacandelo ensimbi, iphucula ukuqina kumaqondo aphantsi, iphucula ukuxhathisa kwi-corrosion ye-atmospheric, kwaye iqinisekisa unyango oluzinzileyo lobushushu.

Umphumo wonyango kukunciphisa umphumo we-hydrogen embrittlement.

4. I-Chromium (Cr): Inokuphucula ukuqina, ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kokugqoka, ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, kunye nokunceda ukugcina amandla kumaqondo aphezulu.

5. (Mo): Inokukunceda ukulawula ukuvelisa, ukunciphisa uvakalelo lwentsimbi ukucaphuka i-brittleness, kwaye idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni amandla okunyamezela kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.

Impembelelo enkulu.

6. I-Boron (B): Inokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokunceda ukwenza i-carbon steel ephantsi ivelise impendulo elindelekileyo kunyango lobushushu.

7. I-Alum (V): icokisa iinkozo ze-austenite kwaye iphucula ukuqina

8. I-Silicon (Si): Iqinisekisa amandla eentsimbi zentsimbi. Umxholo ofanelekileyo unokuphucula iplastiki kunye nokuqina kweengxenye zetsimbi.

Intsimbi ye-35CrMo yimathiriyeli egqwesileyo ye-injini yebanga le-129 yokudibanisa ibholithi kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zepropathi yomatshini webanga le-12.9 lemathiriyeli.

Yinkqubo enokwenzeka yokwamkela unyango lwe-nitrogen yokukhusela ubushushu kwi-12.9 yebakala le-12.9 yeebholiti zokudibanisa intonga, ukuncipha kunye nokupholisa inxalenye yentonga, kunye nokuqengqeleka kwentambo emva konyango lobushushu, kwaye inokuveliswa.

Velisa umgangatho ophezulu, iibholiti ezichanekileyo

Amabakala okusebenza kweebholiti ezisetyenziselwa ukudityaniswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ahlulwe abe ngamabakala angaphezu kwama-10 afana ne-3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, kunye ne-12.9.

Phakathi kwazo, iibholiti zebanga lesi-8.8 nangaphezulu zenziwe ngentsimbi ephantsi ye-carbon alloy okanye i-medium carbon steel kwaye ziphathwe ubushushu (zicinywe kwaye zinomsindo), ezaziwa ngokuba ziibholiti zamandla aphezulu.

Ezinye zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziibholiti eziqhelekileyo. Ileyibhile yomgangatho wokusebenza webholi iquka iinxalenye ezimbini zamanani, ezimele ixabiso eliqingqiweyo lamandla okuqina kwemathiriyeli yebholi kunye

Umlinganiselo wesivuno-amandla. Umzekelo, ibholithi enenqanaba lokusebenza 4.6 ithetha:

1. Amandla okuzinza okubizwa ngokuba yi-bolt material afikelela kwi-400MPa;

Umlinganiselo wamandla esivuno semathiriyeli yebholithi yi-0.6:

2. Amandla okuvunwa okubizwa ngokuba yi-bolt material afikelela kwi-400×0.6=240MPa inqanaba lokusebenza 10.9 iibholiti eziphezulu. Izinto eziphathekayo ziye zafudunyezwa

3. Emva kokucubungula, inokufikelela:

1. Isixhobo sebholiti sinamandla okuqikelelwa okuyi-1000MPa.

2. Umlinganiselo wesivuno ukuya kumandla wesixhobo sebholithi ngu-0.9:

3. Amandla emveliso yegama lesixhobo sebholiti afikelela kwi-1000×0.9=900MPa kwinqanaba

Izikrufu zebakala le-10.9 zifuna ukucinywa kwentsimbi ye-carbon alloy kunye nobushushu bobushushu, obunje nge-35CRMO 40CR kunye nezinye izinto.

Isalathisi sokuhlolwa komgangatho webholithi ngamandla okuqina ebholithi. Akunjalo'kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na into's ibalulekile izalathisi zoomatshini njengamandla okuqina