Ekubeni ukuthuthwa kwempahla yomoya kuneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokhuseleko, ngakumbi xa imithwalo ithuthwa kusetyenziswa isisu senqwelomoya yabahambi, enye imithwalo yomoya ifuna ingxelo yovavanyo. Ke yintoni ingxelo yovavanyo lwempahla yomoya? Zeziphi iimpahla ekufuneka zinike isazisi sothutho lomoya? Kwisivakalisi esinye, kuthetha ukuba ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuba iimpahla zineengozi ezifihliweyo okanye iimpahla azikwazi ukuhlelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zichongwe, kufuneka ingxelo yovavanyo lomthwalo womoya!
Yintoni ukuchongwa kwempahla yomoya?
Igama elipheleleyo lovavanyo lwezothutho lomoya “yiNgxelo yokuchongwa kweeMeko zoThutho loMoya”. NgesiNgesi, ibizwa ngokuba yiNgxelo yoKuchongwa kunye noHlelo lokuThuthwa kweMpahla ngoMoya, eyaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo okanye uvavanyo lwezothutho lomoya.
Zeziphi iimpahla ezifuna ukuchongwa kothutho lomoya? Ngaba iziqhoboshiimisonto anchor trubolt imisonto iintongaifakiwe?
- Iimpahla zemagneti
2. Iimpahla zomgubo
3. Iimpahla eziqulethe ulwelo neegesi
4. Iimpahla zekhemikhali
5. Izinto ezinamafutha
6. Iimpahla ezineebhetri
Ibandakanya ntoni ingxelo yovavanyo lomthwalo womoya?
Umxholo oyintloko wesatifikethi sokuvavanywa kothutho lwempahla ngokubanzi kubandakanya igama lomthwalo kunye nelogo yenkampani, iipropati eziphambili zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, iimpawu ezinobungozi zezinto ezithuthwayo, imithetho kunye nemimiselo esekelwe kuvavanyo, iindlela zokulahla ngokukhawuleza, njl. kukubonelela amacandelo ezothutho ngolwazi olunxulumene ngqo nokhuseleko lwezothutho. Bahlobo, nanini na xa udibana neempahla ezinobungozi obufihliweyo ngexesha lokuthutha, kucetyiswa ukuba kufuneka ukhuphe ngokuchanekileyo ingxelo yovavanyo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yempahla.
Loluphi ulwazi malunga nezithuthi zomoya zamazwe ngamazwe?
Izinto ezisibhozo zophando lothutho lomoya:
1. Igama lemveliso (nokuba zizinto eziyingozi)
2. Ubunzima (iintlawulo ezibandakanyekayo), umthamo (ubungakanani kunye nokuba iimpahla zikhoyo)
3. Ukupakishwa (nokuba yibhokisi yomthi okanye hayi, ipalethi okanye hayi)
4. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya (esisisiseko okanye hayi)
5. Ixesha elifunekayo (inqwelomoya ngqo okanye inqwelo moya eqhagamshelayo)
6. Cela iinqwelomoya (inkonzo kunye nomahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kwenqwelomoya nganye)
7. Uhlobo lwebhili yomthwalo (ibhili engundoqo kunye ne-sub-bill)
8. Iinkonzo zothutho ezifunekayo (indlela yokubhengeza izithethe, amaxwebhu e-arhente, nokuba kucinywe amasiko nokuhanjiswa, njl.njl.)
Umthwalo womoya wohlulwe ube ngumthwalo onzima kunye nomthwalo onamaqamza. 1CBM=167KG Ukuthelekisa ubunzima bevolumetric kunye nobunzima bokwenene, nokuba yeyiphi enkulu iya kuhlawuliswa. Ewe, kukho imfihlo encinci kwimpahla yomoya, ekufuneka wonke umntu kwishishini ayazi, ngoko ke akulunganga ukuthetha ngayo apha. Abavelisi abangaqondiyo banokuzicingela ngokwabo.
Zeziphi izibizo zezithuthi zomoya ezidla ngokusetyenziswa?
ATA/ATD (Elona xesha lokuFika / elona xesha lokuhamba)
实际到港/离港时间的缩写.
航空货运单 (AWB) (Air Waybill)
Air Waybill (AWB)
Uxwebhu olukhutshwe okanye egameni lomthumeli bubungqina bokuthuthwa kwempahla phakathi komthumeli kunye nomthwali.
无人陪伴行李（Impahla, engakhatshwanga)
Umthwalo ongathwalwa njengomthwalo ohanjiswayo kodwa ungeniswa ngaphakathi, kunye nomthwalo ofakwayo njengomthwalo otshekishwayo.
保税仓库（Indawo yokugcina iBonded)
Isitora esineBond Kolu hlobo lwesitora, iimpahla zinokugcinwa ixesha elingasikelwanga mda ngaphandle kokuhlawula imirhumo evela ngaphandle.
散件货物 (Umthwalo omninzi)
Iimpahla ezininzi ezingakhange zifakwe kwipaleti kwaye zipakishwe kwizikhongozeli.
I-CAO (Impahla yoThutho kuphela)
Isishunqulelo sika “Uthutho Kuphela” sithetha ukuba inokuthwalwa kuphela ngumqhubi.
到付运费.Ukuqokelelwa kweentlawulo)
Dwelisa iintlawulo kumthumeli kwi-waybill yomoya.
预付运费.Iintlawulo zihlawulwa kwangaphambili)
Dwelisa iintlawulo ezihlawulwe ngumthumeli kwi-waybill yomoya.
计费重量 (Ubunzima obuhlawulelwayo)
Ubunzima obusetyenziselwa ukubala imithwalo yomoya. Ubunzima obuhlawulelwayo bunokuba bubunzima bomthamo, okanye xa iimpahla zilayishwa kwisithuthi, ubunzima bubonke bomthwalo buthabatha ubunzima besithuthi.
到岸价格CIF (Iindleko, i-Inshurensi kunye noThutho)
Ibhekisa “kwixabiso, i-inshorensi kunye nomthwalo”, eyi-C&F kunye ne-inshurensi yomthengisi ngokuchasene nelahleko kunye nomonakalo kwimpahla. Umthengisi kufuneka asayine isivumelwano kunye ne-inshurensi kwaye ahlawule iprimiyamu.
收货人 (Umphathiswa)
Umntu ogama lakhe lidweliswe kwi-waybill yomoya kwaye owamkela iimpahla ezithunyelwe ngumqhubi.
交运货物 (Umthwalo)
Umthuthi ufumana iingceba zempahla enye okanye ngaphezulu kumthumeli ngexesha nakwindawo ethile kwaye azithuthele kwindawo ethile ngenqwelomoya enye.
发货人 (Umthumeli)
Ilingana nomthumeli.
集运货物 (Uthutho oluManyanisiweyo)
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ethunyelwe ngabathumeli ababini okanye ngaphezulu, ngamnye kubo usayine isivumelwano sothutho ngomoya kunye ne-arhente yokudibanisa.
集运代理人 (Umdibanisi)
Umntu okanye umbutho odibanisa iimpahla zibe yimpahla edityanisiweyo.
COSAC (Iinkqubo zoluntu zoMthwalo woMoya)
Ushunqulelo lwenkqubo yekhompyuter "yolwazi oluphezulu". Lulwazi kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwenkqubo yekhompyuter yeHong Kong Air Cargo Terminal Co., Ltd.
Izithethe
I-arhente karhulumente (ebizwa ngokuba liSebe leCustoms and Excise eHong Kong) enoxanduva lokuqokelela imisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokucinezela ukuthutyeleziswa kunye norhwebo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
海关代码 (IKhowudi yesiko)
Ikhowudi eyongeziweyo yiSebe le-Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department (C & ED) kwibhetshi yempahla ukubonisa iziphumo zokuhlanjululwa kwamasiko okanye ukuba zeziphi izenzo zokucoca izithethe ezifunekayo kumqhubi we-terminal / consigne.
清关 (Ukususwa ozenzele kona)
Iinkqubo zeCustoms ekufuneka zigqitywe xa kuthuthwa okanye kukuthathwa iimpahla kwindawo ezisuka kuyo, xa kuthuthwa naxa kuyiwa kuyo.
危险货物 (Iimpahla ezinobungozi)
Impahla eyingozi zizinto okanye izinto ezinokuthi zibe yingozi enkulu kwimpilo, ukhuseleko okanye kwipropathi xa zithuthwa ngomoya.
运输申报价值 (Ixabiso elichaziweyo leNqwelo)
Ixabiso lempahla ebhengezwe ngumthumeli kumthuthi ngenjongo yokumisela iindleko zomthwalo okanye ukumisela imida kwimfanelo yomthuthi ngelahleko, umonakalo, okanye ukulibaziseka.
海关申报价值 (Ixabiso elichaziweyo leSiko)
Isebenza kwixabiso lempahla ebhengezwe kwizithethe ngenjongo yokumisela isixa semali yerhafu.
垫付款 (Imbuyekezo)
Intlawulo ehlawulwe ngumthwali kwi-arhente okanye omnye umthwali kwaye iqokelelwe ngumthuthi wokugqibela kumthumeli. Ezi ntlawulo zidla ngokuhlawuliswa ukuhlawula iimpahla kunye neentlawulo ezingalindelekanga ezenziwe yi-arhente okanye omnye umthwali ekuthuthweni kwempahla.
I-EDIFACT (i-Electronic Data Interchange kuLawulo, uRhwebo kunye noThutho)
Sisishunqulelo se-“Electronic Information Exchange for Management, Commerce and Transport”. I-EDIFACT ngumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe we-syntax yomyalezo kutshintshiselwano lwedatha ye-elektroniki.
禁运 (I-Embargo)
Ibhekisa kukwala komthwali ngexesha elithile ukuthwala nayiphi na impahla yorhwebo, naluphi na uhlobo okanye umgangatho womthwalo ukuya nokusuka kuwo nawuphi na ummandla okanye indawo kuyo nayiphi na indlela okanye inxalenye yeendlela okanye ukwamkela ukudluliselwa.
ETA/ETD (Ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokuFika / ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokuhamba)
Ushunqulelo loqikelelo lwexesha lokufika/lokuhamba.
Ilayisensi yokuthumela ngaphandle
Uxwebhu lwelayisenisi karhulumente egunyazisa umnini (umthumeli) ukuba athumele ngaphandle impahla ethile kwindawo ethile.
FIATA (Federation Internationale des Associations de Transitaires et Assimilées)
Ilayisensi ye-FIATA - Ilayisensi yokukhupha amaxwebhu e-FIATA [i-FIATA Bill of Lading (FBL) "njengoMthwali" kunye neSatifikethi soMthumeli kunye neSatifikethi soMgqithisi seSatifikethi sokuFumana (i-FCR)] kwi-Hong Kong Receipt (FCR)]. Igutyungelwe yi-inshurensi yetyala lomrhwebi womthwalo (ubuncinane bomda wetyala: US$250,000).
离岸价格FOB (Mahala kwiBhodi)
Ngaphantsi kwemeko "ekhululekile ebhodini", iimpahla zithunyelwa ngumthengisi kwi-port yokuthutha echazwe kwisivumelwano sokuthengisa. Umngcipheko welahleko okanye umonakalo kwiimpahla udlulela kumthengi xa iimpahla zidlula umzila kaloliwe (oko kukuthi, emva kokushiya idokhi kunye nokubekwa enqanaweni), kwaye iintlawulo zokuphatha zihlawulwa ngumthengisi.
机场离岸价 (FOB Airport)
Eli gama liyafana neliqhelekileyo le-FOB. Emva kokuba umthengisi enikezela iimpahla kumphathi-moya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, umngcipheko welahleko udluliselwa kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi.
货运代理 (Umdluliseli)
I-arhente okanye inkampani enikezela ngeenkonzo (ezifana nokuqokelela, ukuthunyelwa, okanye ukuhanjiswa) ukuqinisekisa kunye nokunceda ekuthuthweni kwempahla.
总重 (Ubunzima bokuqala)
Ubunzima obupheleleyo bokuthunyelwa, kubandakanywa ubunzima bebhokisi kunye nezinto zokupakisha.
I-HAFFA (uMbutho woThutho loMoya waseHong Kong)
I-Freight Forwarder Air Waybill (okt: Freight Waybill) (HAWB) (i-House Air Waybill)
IATA (uMbutho woThutho loMoya waMazwe ngaMazwe)
Ushunqulelo kuMbutho woThutho loMoya waMazwe ngaMazwe. I-IATA ngumbutho woshishino lwezothutho lomoya, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kwiinqwelomoya, abakhweli, abanini bempahla, ii-arhente zeenkonzo zokuhamba kunye noorhulumente. Umbutho ujolise ekukhuthazeni ukhuseleko lwezothutho zomoya kunye nomgangatho (ukuhlolwa kwemithwalo, amathikithi omoya, ubunzima bokubonakaliswa) kunye nokuncedisa ekumiselweni kweentlawulo zokuthutha emoyeni ngamazwe ngamazwe. I-IATA inekomkhulu eliseGeneva, eSwitzerland.
进口许可证 (Ilayisensi yokuthatha ngaphandle)
Uxwebhu lwelayisenisi karhulumente evumela umnini (umthumeli) ukuba angenise iimpahla ezithile.
标记Amanqaku)
Amanqaku asetyenziselwa ukuchonga iimpahla okanye ukubonisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nomnini wempahla luphawulwe kwipakethe yempahla.
航空公司货运单（Master Air Waybill)
Eli liphepha lendlela yomoya eliqulethe uthunyelo lwempahla edityanisiweyo, edwelisa umthumeli njengomthumeli.
中性航空运单（I-New Air Waybill)
I-waybill yomoya esemgangathweni engenamthwali ugama.
鲜活货物 (Umthwalo okonakalayo)
Impahla enokonakala ephantsi kobushushu obubi, ukufuma okanye ezinye iimeko zokusingqongileyo kangangexesha elithile okanye phantsi kobushushu obubi, ukufuma okanye ezinye iimeko zokusingqongileyo.
ICargo epakishwe kwangaphambili
Iimpahla ezipakishwe kwisithuthi ngumthumeli ngaphambi kokuba zinikezelwe kumsebenzisi wetheminali.
收货核对清单（Uluhlu lolwamkelo lolwamkelo)
Uxwebhu olukhutshwe ngumqhubi wetheminali yothutho xa efumene umthwalo womthumeli.
受管制托运商制度（Ulawulo lweearhente eziLawulwayo)
Yinkqubo yokuba urhulumente enze uhlolo lokhuseleko kubo bonke abathutha imithwalo emoyeni.
提货单 (Ifomu yokukhutshwa ngenqanawe)
Uxwebhu olukhutshwe ngumthuthi kumthumeli ukuba awuthathele umthwalo osuka kumqhubi wetheminali yomthwalo.
托运人 (Umthumeli)
Umntu okanye inkampani echazwe kwikhontrakthi yokuthuthwa kwempahla ukuhambisa iimpahla kumthumeli.
活动物／危险品 托运人证明书 (Isatifikethi soMhambisi wezilwanyana eziphilayo / iimpahla eziyingozi)
Isiteyitimenti somthumeli - ingxelo yokuba iimpahla zifakwe ngokufanelekileyo, zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye zifanelekile ukuthutha umoya ngokuhambelana nenguqu yamva nje yemithetho ye-IATA kunye nayo yonke imithetho ye-carrier kunye nemimiselo karhulumente.
托运人托运声明书（简称：托运书（Ileta yoMyalelo yoMhambisi)
Uxwebhu oluqulethe imiyalelo yomthengisi okanye i-arhente yomthumeli malunga nokulungiswa kwamaxwebhu kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla.
I-STA/STD (iShedyuli yeXesha lokuFika / iShedyuli yexesha lokuhamba)
预计到港／离港时间的缩写
UBUCHULE (Umrhumo we-Air Cargo)
Isishunqulelo se-“Air Cargo Tariff” epapashwe yi-International Aviation Press (IAP) ngentsebenziswano ne-International Air Transport Association (IATA).
运费表 (Umrhumo)
Ixabiso, iintlawulo kunye/okanye iimeko ezinxulumeneyo ezihlawuliswa ngumthwali wokuthutha iimpahla. Iishedyuli zomrhumo wokuthumela ziyahluka ngokwelizwe, ubunzima bokuthumela, kunye/okanye umthwali.
载具 (Isixhobo soMlayisho weyunithi)
Naluphi na uhlobo lwesikhongozeli okanye ipalethi esetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimpahla.
贵重货物 (Umthwalo oxabisekileyo)
Iimpahla ezinobunzima obuxeliweyo obulingana okanye obudlula i-US$1,000 ngekhilogram, ezifana negolide kunye nedayimani.
声明价值附加费 (Intlawulo yoVavanyo)
Iintlawulo zothutho lwempahla zisekelwe kwixabiso lempahla ebhengezwe ngexesha lokuthunyelwa.
易受损坏或易遭盗窃的货物 (Umthwalo osesichengeni)
Iimpahla ezingenaxabiso lichaziweyo kodwa ngokucacileyo zifuna ukuphathwa ngenyameko, okanye ezisengozini yokubiwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-15-2023