(i-CBAM), eyaziwa ngokuba yiRhafu yeCarbon Border okanye iRhafu yeCarbon Border, yirhafu ehlawuliswa yi-EU kwi-carbon emissions yezinye iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Le ndlela ifuna ukuba iimveliso zekhabhoni ephezulu ezingeniswe okanye ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka kwi-EU zihlawule irhafu kunye nemirhumo ehambelanayo okanye imbuyekezo ehambelana nezabelo zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Amashishini ahlawuliswa "ixabiso lekhabhoni" agubungela intsimbi, isamente, i-aluminiyam, izichumisi, umbane kunye ne-hydrogen, ingakumbi ejolise ekukhutshweni ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokukhutshwa okungathanga ngqo kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili zesamente, umbane kunye nezichumisi (okt ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ekusetyenzisweni kombane othengiweyo, umphunga, ubushushu okanye ukupholisa) kunye nenani elincinci leemveliso ezisezantsi.
1. Yintoni i-“EU Carbon Border Regulation Mechanism”?(Iibholiti zeWedge zeConcrete)
I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ngumthetho oxhasayo we-EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). I-ETS ifuna abavelisi be-EU beemveliso ezigqunyiweyo ukuba bathenge izatifikethi zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kurhulumente ngokusekelwe kukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni eveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. I-CBAM ifuna abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kweemveliso ezigqunyiweyo ukuba bathenge izatifikethi zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwi-EU. Enyanisweni, ifuna abavelisi abangengabo abe-EU abathumela ngaphandle iimveliso ezigqunyiweyo kwi-EU ukuhlawula iindleko ezilinganayo zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni njengabavelisi ngaphakathi kwe-EU.
2. Iya kuqala nini ukusebenza i-CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) ize iphunyezwe?(Imisonto enemisonto kunye nezikhonkwane)
I-CBAM iqalise ukusebenza nge-17 Meyi 2023 kwaye iya kuphunyezwa ukususela nge-1 Oktobha 2023 ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 36 se-CBM.
Ukuphunyezwa kwe-CBM kwahlulwe ngokwezigaba zenguqu kunye nezisesikweni. Ngokwemigaqo ye-CBM, ixesha lokutshintsha kwe-CBAM lisukela ngo-Okthobha 1, 2023 ukuya kwi-31 kaDisemba 2025.
Ngexesha lenguqu, uxanduva oluphambili lwabarhwebi abangenisa impahla ngaphandle kwe-CBAM kukungenisa iingxelo zekota kugunyaziwe we-CBM. Imixholo yengxelo ibandakanya:
(1) Ubungakanani be-CBAM nganye ekhuselweyo kwimveliso engeniswe kumazwe angaphandle ngekota;
(2) Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ehlanganisiweyo kubalwa ngokwe-CBAM Isihlomelo 4;
(3) Ixabiso lekhabhoni eligubungele iimveliso kufuneka lihlawule kwilizwe labo lemvelaphi. Iingxelo kufuneka zingeniswe kungadlulanga inyanga enye emva kokuphela kwekota nganye. Ukungaphumeleli ukungenisa iingxelo ngexesha kuya kukhokelela kwizohlwayo.
3. Ngawaphi amashishini aphantsi kwe-CBAM?(IBolt yeMichiza)
Emva kokuba i-CBAM iphunyezwe ngokusemthethweni, iya kusebenza kwintsimbi, i-samente, izichumisi, i-aluminium, umbane kunye ne-hydrogen, kunye nezinye izinto eziza kuqala (ezifana ne-ferromanganese, i-ferrochrome, i-ferronickel, i-kaolin kunye nezinye i-kaolins, njl. njl.) kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisezantsi (ezinjalo njengezikrufu zentsimbi kunye neebholiti) ). Isihlomelo 1 soMthetho we-CBAM sidwelisa amagama kunye neekhowudi zezithethe zeemveliso ezikhuselwe yi-CBAM.
4. Ungasifumana njani isiqinisekiso se-CBAM somfaki-sicelo?(I-Drywall Anchor Screws)
Igunya elinobuchule leLizwe leLungu apho umenzi-sicelo ahlala khona linoxanduva lokunika iwonga le-CBAM eliGunyaziweyo loSazisi. Ubume bomfaki-fayile we-CBM ogunyazisiweyo uya kuvunywa kuwo onke amaLungu e-EU. Phambi kokwamkelwa kwesicelo somazisi, abasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo baya kuqhuba inkqubo yokubonisana ngerejista ye-CBAM, eya kubandakanya amagunya afanelekileyo kwamanye amazwe e-EU kunye neKhomishini yaseYurophu.
5. Kutheni kufuneka ufumane isiqinisekiso se-CBAM sombhengezi ogunyazisiweyo?(Yehlisa i-Anchor yeConcrete)
Iifayile ze-CBAM ezingagunyaziswanga azivumelekanga ukuba zingenise iimpahla ezikhuselwe yi-CBAM.
Ukuba umntu ongenguye ogunyazisiweyo we-CBM ungenisa iimpahla kwi-EU ngokwaphula i-CBAM, isohlwayo siya kuhlawulwa. Isixa sesohlwayo siya kuxhomekeka kwixesha, ubunzima, ububanzi, injongo kunye nokuphindaphinda ukuziphatha, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi komntu owohlwaywayo kunye negunya elinobuchule le-CBAM. iqondo lentsebenziswano. Ukuba isatifikethi se-CBAM asinikezelwanga ngumntu owohlwaywayo, isohlwayo siya kuba ngamaxesha angama-3-5 intlawulo ekhankanywe kumhlathi 1 wonyaka wokuqaliswa kwempahla.
6. Usithenga njani isatifikethi se-CBAM?(Iibholiti ze-Anchor ezisisiseko)
IKhomishini yaseYurophu kufuneka iseke iqonga eliphakathi eliqhelekileyo phakathi kweKhomishini yaseYurophu kunye naMazwe angamaLungu ekuthengiseni izatifikethi ze-CBM. Amazwe angamaLungu kufuneka athengise izatifikethi ze-CBM kwiifayile ezigunyazisiweyo ze-CBM.
Ixabiso lezatifikethi ze-CBM liya kumiselwa ngokusekelwe kumndilili wexabiso lokuvala leezibonelelo ze-EU Emissions Trading Scheme kwiqonga lefandesi eqhelekileyo kwiveki nganye yekhalenda. Elo xabiso liphakathi liya kupapashwa yiKhomishini yaseYurophu kwiwebhusayithi yayo okanye nangayiphi na enye indlela efanelekileyo ngosuku lokuqala lokusebenza lweveki elandelayo yekhalenda kwaye iya kusebenza ukususela kusuku lokuqala lokusebenza kwiveki elandelayo yekhalenda.
7. Usingenisa njani isatifikethi se-CBAM?(Isibiyeli seNsimbi eNgatyiwayo)
Iifayili ze-CBAM ezigunyazisiweyo kufuneka zinikezele ngenani elithile lezatifikethi ze-CBAM ngeRejistri ye-CBAM ngaphambi kwe-31 kaMeyi kunyaka ngamnye. Inani lezatifikethi liya kungqinelana nesixa sezinto ezikhutshwayo eziqulathiweyo ezichazwe ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 6, umhlathi 2 (c) kwaye zingqinwe ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 8.
Iifayili ze-CBAM ezigunyazisiweyo kufuneka zinikezele ngenani elithile lezatifikethi ze-CBAM ngeRejistri ye-CBAM ngaphambi kwe-31 kaMeyi kunyaka ngamnye. Inani lezatifikethi liya kungqinelana nesixa sezinto ezikhutshwayo eziqulathiweyo ezichazwe ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 6, umhlathi 2 (c) kwaye zingqinwe ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 8.
Ukuba iKomishoni ifumanisa ukuba inani lezatifikethi ze-CBAM kwi-akhawunti azihambelani neemfuno ezihambelanayo, iya kwazisa igunya elifanelekileyo lelizwe apho umvakalisi ogunyazisiweyo ukhona. Ugunyaziwe ofanelekileyo uya kwazisa umbhengezi ogunyazisiweyo kwinyanga enye kwaye aqinisekise ukuba kukho inani elaneleyo lezatifikethi ze-CBM kwiakhawunti yakhe. Isatifikethi se-CBM.
8. Kwenziwa ntoni ngezatifikethi eziseleyo ze-CBM emva kokuba zinikezelwe?()
Izatifikethi eziseleyo ze-CBM emva kokuba isibhengezo esigunyazisiweyo se-CBM sinikezela izatifikethi njengoko zifunwa ziya kuphinda zithengwe lilungu lelizwe apho isibhengezo sikhoyo. IKhomishini yaseYurophu kufuneka ithenge kwakhona izatifikethi ze-CBM egameni laMazwe angamaLungu afanelekileyo.
Umyinge onjalo wokuthenga kwakhona uya kulinganiselwa kwi-1/3 yenani lilonke leZatifikethi ze-CBAM ezithengwe ngulo mfaki-fayile ogunyazisiweyo we-CBAM kunyaka wekhalenda owandulelayo. Ixabiso lokuthenga kwakhona liya kuba lixabiso apho isatifikethi sithengwe ngumbhengezi ogunyazisiweyo.
9. Ingaba isatifikethi se-CBM sinexesha elisemthethweni?(Izikhonkwane zeHardware)
IKhomishini yaseYurophu iya kurhoxisa nge-1 kaJulayi kunyaka ngamnye nasiphi na iSatifikethi se-CBAM esithengwe kunyaka owandulela ikhalenda eyandulelayo ehlala kwiakhawunti kwiRegistry yeCBAM.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-27-2023