Iindleko zothutho zixhalabele kakhulu malunga nokungeniswa nokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zokuthumela ngenqanawa khange zilindele ukonyuka kakhulu kumaxabiso othutho.
Xa sijongene nemeko yokudakumba kokuthumela ngaphandle kuqoqosho lwase-Asia, iindleko zokuthutha iimpahla zisuka e-Asiya zisiya eMelika zithe cwaka ziqalisile ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Le nto iyamangalisa.
Idatha yamva nje ekhutshwe kutshanje ibonise ukuba ukuthengiswa kweJapan kwehle okokuqala ngqa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemibini, ebonisa ukuba ukubuyiswa koqoqosho kujongene neentloko ezinzima. Kwangaxeshanye, idatha yokuthumela ngaphandle yamazwe amakhulu aseAsia arhwebayo afana noMzantsi Korea kunye neVietnam nawo abuthathaka kakhulu kwaye amfiliba.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimarike yomthwalo wempahla, imeko eyahluke ngokupheleleyo iyavela ngoku. Kwiiveki ezintandathu eziphela nge-15 ka-Agasti, i-avareji yesantya somthwalo we-40-foot-container ethunyelwe ukusuka e-China ukuya e-United States inyuke nge-61% ukuya kwi-2,075 yeedola. Abantu abangaphakathi kwimizi-mveliso ngokuqhelekileyo bathi esona sizathu sokunyuka kwamaxabiso kukuba iinkampani ezinkulu zokuthumela ngenqanawa zenze uhlengahlengiso olungeyomfuneko kumaxabiso omthwalo. Izigebenga zokuthumela ngenqanawa ezifana neMaersk kunye neCMA CGM, ukusebenza kwazo kusehla, zinyuse ireyithi yentlawulo eyongezelelweyo ye-GRI, ireyithi ye-FAK kunye nemirhumo ehlawuliswayo yokuthumela ngenqanawe efana nentlawulo eyongezelelweyo yexesha eliphakamileyo (PSS) kwezinye iindlela. Ifektri ye-FIXDEX ikakhulu ivelisaitrubolt wedge iankile, iintonga ezinemisonto.
U-Kang Shuchun, usihlalo we-International Freight Forwarding Branch ye-China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing kunye ne-CEO ye-China International Shipping Network, yabonisa kudliwano-ndlebe namajelo eendaba ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso omthwalo kubangelwa ukulungiswa okwenziwe kwiinkampani zokuthumela. IMaersk kunye nezinye iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa zonyusa amaxabiso ngokuzimeleyo. Oku kuya kukhokelela kumbhodamo weemarike kwaye konyuse izinga lokuthuthwa kwempahla, endaweni yokuchacha emarikeni.
Iinkampani ezininzi zokuthumela ngenqanawa azinalo ulindelo oluphezulu lokunyuka kwamaxabiso othutho. USihlalo we-Evergreen Shipping u-Zhang Yanyi wakhe wathi imarike yokuthumela iikhonteyina yehlabathi ikhoyo ngoku ikwimeko yobonelelo olukhulu kunye nomsantsa wemfuno kunye nokungalingani okukhulu phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno. I-CMA CGM iphinde yachaza kwingxelo yayo yezemali ukuba iimeko zentengiso yezothutho kunye neshishini lothutho ziye zaba mandundu kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2023, kwaye ukungaqiniseki koqoqosho olukhulu kunye ne-geopolitical kuhleli kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka, kunye nokukhula okucothayo koqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngaxeshanye, umthamo osandula ukuziswa uyaqhubeka nokugcwala kwimarike, enokuthi iqhubeleke ukuhlisa amaxabiso omthwalo, ngakumbi kwiindlela ezisempuma-ntshona.
Phambi kokunyuka kwexabiso, amaxabiso eekhonteyina ezithutha ukusuka e-China ukuya kuNxweme oluseNtshona e-US ehle ukusuka phantse kwi-10,000 yeedola ngebhokisi nganye ngoFebruwari 2022 ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1,300 yeedola ngasekupheleni kukaJuni ngenxa yokuthotywa kwee-odolo ngenxa yoluhlu olugqithisileyo kubathengisi kunye nemfuno ebuthathaka. Sika kwiingeniso zeenkampani ezinkulu zeenqanawa.
Ukunyuka kwexabiso lamva nje, abathengisi abaninzi baseMelika babonakala bekulungele. UTim Smith, umlawuli wezothutho lwehlabathi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto kumthengisi wempahla yasekhaya iGabe's Old Time Pottery, uthe ukonyuka ngequbuliso kwamazinga okuhambisa kunempembelelo encinci. Inkampani ithintele amaxabiso enqanawa ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ivale isiqingatha somthwalo ngesantya esimiselweyo ngoku esirhweba ngaphantsi kwamaxabiso akhoyo. “Amaxabiso empahla angabuya ehle kwakhona, kwaye sinokuzuza ngokubuyela kwindawo yentengiso ngaxa lithile,” utshilo uSmith.
Umthwalo unokuhla kwakhona
Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kunye neengcali kushishino lokuthumela ngenqanawa balindele ukuba ukonyuka kwamaxabiso okuthuthwa kwempahla kutsha nje kube kokwexeshana-ukungeniswa kwesikhongozeli sase-US kuhlala kungaphantsi kwamanqanaba onyaka ophelileyo, ngelixa ezinye iinqanawa zokuthumela elwandle sele ziqalisile ukuzisa iinqanawa ezitsha eziyalelweyo ngexesha apho imfuno yayifuneka. ukunyuka phezulu. Imarike ifaka umthamo owongezelelweyo.
Ngokutsho kwe-Danish yombutho wokurhweba ngenqanawa i-Bimco, ukuhanjiswa kweenqanawa ezintsha zeenqanawa kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe zokuqala ze-2023 zilingana nokunyuka komthamo we-container ye-1.2 yezigidi, ukubeka irekhodi. UClarksons, umcebisi ngenqanawa, ukwaqikelela ukuba ukuhanjiswa kweenqanawa ezintsha zeenqanawa zehlabathi kuya kufikelela kwi-2 yezigidi ze-TEUs kulo nyaka, ukubeka irekhodi yokuhanjiswa konyaka kunye nokuqhubela phambili amandla eenqwelomoya zeenqanawa zehlabathi ukuba zinyuke malunga ne-7%. Ukufikelela kwi-2.5 yezigidi ze-TEU.
Iingxilimbela zeenqanawa zaselwandle ezifana neMaersk zicuthe unikezelo ngokumisa iinqanawa kunye nokucotha iinqanawa, zikhupha umthamo osebenzayo. Kodwa uPhilip Damas, umlawuli olawulayo weDrewry Shipping Consulting Group, uthe ezinye iikhonteyina kulindeleke ukuba ziqale ukusebenza kulo nyaka uzayo. “Izambuku zomthamo ogqithisileyo ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuchaphazela ishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi liphela. Ke ngoko, sinokubona amaxabiso othutho ephinda eqala ukwehla kweli xesha lokwindla.
Phantsi kwale meko, liya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani inyathelo lenkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa lokunyusa imithwalo yaselwandle? U-Kang Shuchun, usihlalo we-International Freight Forwarding Branch ye-China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing kunye ne-CEO ye-China International Shipping Network, ikholelwa ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuthutha kuya kuthintela ngokunyanisekileyo urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, okukhokelela ekunyuseni kweendleko kunye nokunciphisa ukuthengiselana. Kwimeko yokunciphisa umthamo wempahla, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso omthwalo akunakugcinwa. UKang Shuchun uqikelela ukuba, “Ukuziphatha kokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwinkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa kuya kuhlala malunga neenyanga ezimbini, kwaye isantya somthwalo siyakwehla emva koko. Ukuba azikho ezinye izizathu ezikhethekileyo kwaye intengiso iyavuma, umdlalo phakathi kwenkampani yokuthumela kunye nomnini wempahla kungekudala uza kuguqukela kumlo phakathi kwenkampani yokuthumela kunye nomthumeli. Umdlalo wenkampani. "
Amaqhinga aqhele ukusetyenziswa ziinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa
Okwangoku, ukuze kufumaneke inzuzo ethe kratya, ezinye iinkampani zeenqanawa zicinga ukuqokelela iintlawulo zexesha eliphakamileyo ukuze zivale into yokuba amaxabiso amiselweyo othutho kwiikhontrakthi zexesha elide angaphantsi kunalawo akwindawo eguquguqukayo yemalike. Esi sicwangciso sisoloko sisetyenziswa yimizila yenqanawa kwixesha elidlulileyo ukujamelana nemfuno enamandla ngexesha lekwindla kunye neeholide zokuphela konyaka.
Nangona kunjalo, u-Erin Fleet, umlawuli we-Logistics ye-Travelpro Products, inkampani yempahla yaseFlorida, uthe wayenqabile umzamo womthwali wokunyanzelisa intlawulo eyongezelelweyo eya kuba nefuthe elibi kuninzi lwabathumeli ngo-2021 kunye no-2022 (ukukhawuleza ukufumana indawo). Ayinakucingelwa. Kodwa le nto kanye uthetha-thethwano lwangoku malunga, kwaye umthamo okanye imarike ayivumeli. “
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-31-2023