Qaphela! Hlobo luni lwempahla oludinga umbiko wokulinganisa wezokuthutha ngendiza!

Njengoba ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla zomoya kunezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi lapho impahla ithuthwa kusetshenziswa indiza ethwala abantu, enye impahla yomoya idinga umbiko wokuhlola. Ngakho uyini umbiko wokuhlolwa kwempahla yomoya? Yiziphi izimpahla okufanele zinikeze umazisi wezimpahla zomoya? Ngomusho owodwa, kusho ukuthi uma kungenakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi izimpahla zinezingozi ezifihliwe noma izimpahla azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngendlela efanele futhi zikhonjwe, umbiko wokuhlolwa kwezimpahla zomoya kuyadingeka!

Kuyini ukuhlonza impahla yomoya?

Igama eligcwele lokuhlolwa kwezokuthutha zendiza “Umbiko Wokuhlonza Izimo Zokuhamba Ngezindiza”. NgesiNgisi, kubizwa ngokuthi i-Identification and Classification Report for Air Transport of Goods, evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlola noma ukuhlolwa kwezokuthutha emoyeni.

Yiziphi izimpahla ezidinga ukuhlonzwa kwezimpahla zomoya? Ingabe ama-fastenerswedge anchor trubolt izinduku ezinemicukuhlanganisiwe?

1. Izimpahla zikaZibuthe

2. Impahla yempushana

3. Izimpahla eziqukethe uketshezi namagesi

4. Izimpahla zamakhemikhali

5. Izimpahla ezinamafutha

6. Izimpahla ezinamabhethri

Uhlanganisani umbiko wokuhlolwa kwezimpahla zomoya?

Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwesitifiketi sokulinganisa ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa igama lempahla kanye nelogo yenkampani yayo, izakhiwo eziyinhloko ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali, izici eziyingozi zezinto ezithuthiwe, imithetho neziqondiso ezisekelwe ekuhloleni, izindlela zokulahla izimo eziphuthumayo, njll. Inhloso ukuhlinzeka amayunithi ezokuthutha ngolwazi oluhlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kwezokuthutha. Bangani, noma nini lapho uhlangabezana nezimpahla ezinezingozi ezifihliwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kutuswa ukuthi kufanele ukhiphe umbiko wokuhlolwa ngokunembile ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zempahla.

Luyini ulwazi mayelana nezokuthutha ngezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe?

Izinto eziyisishiyagalombili zophenyo lwezimpahla zomoya:

1. Igama lomkhiqizo (noma ngabe kuyimpahla eyingozi)

2. Isisindo (izindleko ezihilelekile), umthamo (usayizi nokuthi izimpahla zisesitokweni)

3. Ukupakisha (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhokisi lokhuni noma cha, i-pallet noma cha)

4. Isikhumulo sezindiza okuyiwa kuso (esiyisisekelo noma cha)

5. Isikhathi esidingekayo (indiza eqondile noma indiza exhumayo)

6. Cela izindiza (umehluko wesevisi kanye namanani phakathi kwendiza ngayinye)

7. Uhlobo lwebhili yezimpahla (ibhili eyinhloko kanye nebhilidi encane)

8. Izinsizakalo zokuthutha ezidingekayo (indlela yokumenyezelwa kwamasiko, imibhalo ye-ejensi, noma ngabe ukusula amasiko nokudiliva, njll.)

Izimpahla zomoya zihlukaniswe zibe yimpahla enzima kanye ne-bubble cargo. 1CBM=167KG Ukuqhathanisa isisindo sevolumu nesisindo sangempela, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi enkulu izokhokhiswa. Yiqiniso, kukhona imfihlo encane ekuthuthweni kwezindiza, okumele wonke umuntu embonini akwazi, ngakho-ke akulula ukukhuluma ngakho lapha. Abakhiqizi abangaqondi bangazitholela bona.

Imaphi amabizo okuthutha emoyeni avame ukusetshenziswa?

I-ATA/ATD (Isikhathi Sangempela Sokufika / Isikhathi Sangempela Sokusuka)

实际到港/离港时间的缩写.

航空货运单 (I-AWB (Air Waybill)

I-Air Waybill (AWB)

Idokhumenti ekhishwe noma egameni lomthumeli iwubufakazi bokuthuthwa kwempahla phakathi komthumeli nomthwali.

无人陪伴行李（Imithwalo, Engaphelezelwanga)

Umthwalo ongathwalwa njengomthwalo ogitsheliswayo kodwa ongeniswayo, kanye nomthwalo ongeniswa njengomthwalo olayishiwe.

保税仓库.I-Bonded Warehouse)

I-Bonded Warehouse Kulolu hlobo lwendlu yokugcina impahla, izimpahla zingagcinwa isikhathi esingenamkhawulo ngaphandle kokukhokha intela yokungenisa ezweni.

散件货物 (I-Bulk Cargo

Izimpahla eziyinqwaba ezingafakwanga phansi futhi zipakishwe ezitsheni.

I-CAO (Cargo for Freighter Only)

Isifinyezo segama elithi “Freighter Only” sisho ukuthi ingathwalwa kuphela umgibeli.

到付运费.Qoqa amanani)

Faka kuhlu izinkokhiso kulowo othunyelelwayo ku-waybill yomoya.

预付运费.Amanani akhokhelwa kusengaphambili)

Faka ohlwini izindleko ezikhokhwa umthumeli ku-waybill yomoya.

计费重量 (Isisindo Esikhokhiswayo)

Isisindo esisetshenziselwa ukubala ukuthuthwa emoyeni. Isisindo esikhokhiswayo singaba isisindo sevolumu, noma uma izimpahla zilayishwa emotweni, isisindo esiphelele somthwalo sisusa isisindo semoto.

到岸价格I-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense kanye Nokuthutha)

Isho “izindleko, umshwalense kanye nempahla”, okuyi-C&F kanye nomshwalense womthengisi ngokumelene nokulahlekelwa nokulimala kwempahla. Umdayisi kufanele asayine inkontileka nomshwalense futhi akhokhe iprimiyamu.

收货人 (Umphathiswa)

Umuntu ogama lakhe lisohlwini lwe-waybill yasemoyeni futhi owamukela izimpahla ezihanjiswe ngumthwali.

交运货物 (Umthwalo)

Inkampani yenethiwekhi ithola ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yempahla kumthumeli ngesikhathi nasendaweni ethile futhi iziyise endaweni ethile nge-waybill eyodwa yomoya.

发货人 (Umthumeli)

Ilingana nomthumeli.

集运货物 (Umthwalo Ohlanganisiwe)

Umthwalo wezimpahla olandwe abathumeli ababili noma ngaphezulu, ngamunye wabo osayine inkontileka yezimpahla zomoya ne-ejenti yokuhlanganisa.

集运代理人 (I-Consolidator)

Umuntu noma inhlangano ehlanganisa izimpahla zibe yimpahla ehlanganisiwe.

I-COSAC (Izinhlelo Zomphakathi ze-Air Cargo)

Isifinyezo sesistimu yekhompyutha "yolwazi oluphezulu". Iwulwazi kanye nohlelo lwekhompiyutha lokuphatha izinto ezimaphakathi lwe-Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminal Co., Ltd.

Umnyango wezimpahla

I-ejensi kahulumeni (ebizwa ngokuthi i-Customs and Excise Department e-Hong Kong) enesibopho sokuqoqa imisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthekelisa kanye nokucindezela ukushushumbiswa nokuhwebelana nokuxhashazwa kwezidakamizwa.

海关代码 (Ikhodi Yesiko)

Ikhodi engezwe uMnyango Wezimpahla Nezintela wase-Hong Kong (C&ED) eqoqweni lezimpahla ukukhombisa imiphumela yokugunyazwa kwentela noma ukuthi yiziphi izenzo zokugunyazwa kwentela edingekayo ku-opharetha wetheminali/umthumeli.

清关 (Imvume yokuba okuthile kwenzeke)

Imicikilisho yeCustoms okufanele igcwaliswe ukuze kuthuthwe noma kulandwe impahla endaweni evela kuyo, ekuthuthweni nasendaweni okuyiwa kuyo.

危险货物 (Izimpahla Eziyingozi)

Izimpahla eziyingozi yizinto noma izinto ezingase zibe usongo olukhulu empilweni, ukuphepha noma impahla lapho zithuthwa ngendiza.

运输申报价值 (Inani Elimenyezelwe Lenqola)

Inani lezimpahla ezimenyezelwe umthumeli kunkampani yenethiwekhi ngenjongo yokunquma izinkokhiso zempahla noma ukubeka imikhawulo esibophweni senkampani yenethiwekhi sokulahlekelwa, ukulimala, noma ukubambezeleka.

海关申报价值 (Inani Elimenyezelwe Lamasiko)

Isebenza enanini lezimpahla ezimenyezelwe kumasiko ngenjongo yokunquma inani lentela yempahla.

垫付款 (Ukukhokhwa)

Imali ekhokhwa inkampani yenethiwekhi kumenzeli noma enye inkampani yenethiwekhi bese iqoqwa inkampani yenethiwekhi yokugcina kothunyiweyo. Lezi zimali zivame ukukhokhiswa ukumboza izimpahla kanye nezindleko zengozi ezitholwa i-ejenti noma omunye umthwali ekuthutheni impahla.

I-EDIFACT (I-Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transportation)

Isifinyezo se-“Electronic Information Exchange for Management, Commerce and Transportation”. I-EDIFACT indinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe ye-syntax yomlayezo yokushintshisana kwedatha ye-elekthronikhi.

禁运 (I-Embargo)

Isho ukwenqaba komthwali phakathi kwesikhathi esithile ukuthwala noma iyiphi impahla, noma yiluphi uhlobo noma izinga lempahla ukuya noma ukusuka kunoma yisiphi isifunda noma indawo kunoma yimuphi umzila noma ingxenye yemizila noma ukwamukela ukudluliselwa.

I-ETA/ETD (Isikhathi Esilinganiselwe Sokufika / Isikhathi Esilinganiselwe Sokusuka)

Isifinyezo sesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokufika/sokusuka.

Ilayisensi Yokuthekelisa

Idokhumenti yelayisensi kahulumeni egunyaza umnikazi (umthumeli) ukuthi athumele okuthengiswayo okucacisiwe endaweni ethile.

I-FIATA (Federation Internationale des Associations de Transitaires et Assimilées)

Umnikazi Welayisensi ye-FIATA - Unikezwe ilayisense yokukhipha amadokhumenti e-FIATA [I-FIATA Bill of Lading (FBL) "Njengenkampani Yenethiwekhi" kanye Nesitifiketi Sokuthumela Umthumeli Nokudlulisela (FCR)] kurisidi yase-Hong Kong (FCR)]. Imbozwe umshwalense wesikweletu somthumeli wempahla (umkhawulo wesikweletu esincane: US$250,000).

离岸价格I-FOB (Imahhala Uma Ugibela)

Ngaphansi kombandela othi "mahhala ebhodini", izimpahla zithunyelwa umthengisi endaweni yokuthutha eshiwo kunkontileka yokuthengisa. Ingozi yokulahlekelwa noma yokulimala kwempahla idlulela kumthengi lapho izimpahla zidlula ujantshi womkhumbi (okungukuthi, ngemva kokusuka esikhumulweni semikhumbi futhi zibekwe emkhunjini), futhi izindleko zokuphatha zikhokhwa ngumthengisi.

机场离岸价 (I-FOB Airport)

Leli gama lifana negama elijwayelekile le-FOB. Uma umdayisi enikezela ngezimpahla kumthwali womoya esikhumulweni sezindiza sokusuka, ingozi yokulahlekelwa idluliswa isuka kumthengisi iye kumthengi.

货运代理 (Umdluliseli)

I-ejenti noma inkampani ehlinzeka ngamasevisi (afana nokuqoqwa, ukudlulisa, noma ukulethwa) ukuqinisekisa nokusiza ekuthuthweni kwempahla.

总重 (Isisindo esikhulu)

Isisindo esiphelele sokuthunyelwa, okuhlanganisa isisindo sebhokisi nezinto zokupakisha.

I-HAFFA (i-Hong Kong Air Freight Forwarding Association)

I-Freight Forwarder Air Waybill (okungukuthi: I-Freight Waybill) (HAWB) (I-House Air Waybill)

I-IATA (International Air Transport Association)

Isifinyezo se-International Air Transport Association. I-IATA yinhlangano yemboni yezokuthutha ngendiza, ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinkampanini zezindiza, abagibeli, abanikazi bezimpahla, abasebenzeli bezokuvakasha kanye nohulumeni. Inhlangano ihlose ukukhuthaza ukuphepha kanye nokumiswa kwezokuthutha emoyeni (ukuhlolwa kwemithwalo, amathikithi endiza, izimpawu zesisindo) kanye nokusiza ekunqumeni izindleko zokuthutha emoyeni zamazwe ngamazwe. I-IATA ikomkhulu layo eGeneva, eSwitzerland.

进口许可证 (Ilayisense Yokungenisa)

Idokhumenti yelayisensi kahulumeni evumela umnikazi (umthumeli) ukuthi angenise izimpahla ezithile.

标记 (Amamaki

Amamaki asetshenziselwa ukuhlonza izimpahla noma ukukhombisa ulwazi olufanele mayelana nomnikazi wezimpahla aphawulwe emaphaketheni ezimpahla.

航空公司货运单（I-Master Air Waybill)

Lena i-waybill yomoya equkethe ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezihlanganisiwe, efaka ohlwini umthumeli njengomthumeli.

中性航空运单（I-Neutral Air Waybill)

I-waybill yomoya ejwayelekile engenayo inkampani yenethiwekhi enegama.

鲜活货物 (Impahla Ebolayo)

Izimpahla ezibolayo ezingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibi, umswakama noma ezinye izimo zemvelo isikhathi esithile noma ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibi, umswakama noma ezinye izimo zemvelo.

I-Cargo Esele Ipakishwe

Izimpahla ezipakishwe emotweni ngumthumeli ngaphambi kokuthi zethulwe ku-opharetha wetheminali.

收货核对清单（Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukwamukela)

Idokhumenti ekhishwe u-opharetha wetheminali yezimpahla lapho ethola impahla yomthumeli.

受管制托运商制度（I-Regulated Agent Regime)

Kuwuhlelo lokuthi uhulumeni enze ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kubo bonke abathutha impahla ngendiza.

提货单 (Ifomu Lokukhipha Ukuthunyelwa)

Idokhumenti ekhishwe inkampani yenethiwekhi eya kothunyelelwayo ukuze alande impahla ku-opharetha wetheminali yezimpahla.

托运人 (Umthumeli)

Umuntu noma inkampani eshiwo kwinkontileka yokuthuthwa kwezimpahla ukuletha izimpahla kulowo othunyiwe.

活动物／危险品 托运人证明书 (Isitifiketi sikaShipper sezilwane eziphilayo/ izimpahla eziyingozi)

Isitatimende somthumeli - isitatimende sokuthi izimpahla zipakishwe kahle, zichazwe ngokunembile, futhi zifanele ukuthuthwa ngendiza ngokuvumelana nenguqulo yakamuva yemithetho ye-IATA nayo yonke imithetho yenkampani yenethiwekhi nemithetho kahulumeni.

托运人托运声明书（简称：托运书）（Incwadi Yomyalo Yomshicileli)

Idokhumenti equkethe imiyalelo yomthumeli noma umenzeli womthumeli mayelana nokulungiswa kwamadokhumenti nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla.

I-STA/STD (Shejula Isikhathi Sokufika / Hlela Isikhathi Sokusuka)

预计到港／离港时间的缩写

I-TACT (I-Air Cargo Tariff)

Isifinyezo se-"Air Cargo Tariff" eshicilelwe yi-International Aviation Press (IAP) ngokubambisana ne-International Air Transport Association (IATA).

运费表 (Inkokhelo)

Intengo, izindleko kanye/noma izimo ezihlobene ezikhokhiswa inkampani yenethiwekhi yokuthutha izimpahla. Amashejuli enkokhelo yokuthunyelwa ayahluka ngezwe, isisindo sokuthunyelwa, kanye/noma inkampani yenethiwekhi.

载具 (Iyunithi Yokulayisha Idivayisi)

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesiqukathi noma i-pallet esetshenziselwa ukuthutha impahla.

贵重货物 (Impahla Eyigugu)

Izimpahla ezinesisindo esimenyezelwe esilingana noma esidlula u-US$1,000 ngekhilogremu, njengegolide namadayimane.

声明价值附加费 (Inkokhelo Yokulinganisa)

Izindleko zokuthutha impahla zisekelwe enanini lezimpahla ezimenyezelwe ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa.

易受损坏或易遭盗窃的货物 (I-Vulnerable Cargo)

Izimpahla ezingenalo inani elishiwo kodwa ngokusobala zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela, noma ezisengozini yokwebiwa.