I-India yakamuva ikhipha uphenyo olunzulu olumelene nokulahlwa kwe-China

I-India yethule uphenyo oluyi-13 lokulwa nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo yaseChina ezinsukwini eziyi-10

Kusukela ngomhlaka-20 Septhemba kuya kuSepthemba 30, ezinsukwini eziyi-10 nje kuphela, i-India yanquma ngokujulile ukwethula uphenyo oluyi-13 lokulwa nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo ehlobene evela eChina, olubandakanya amafilimu e-cellophane asobala, amaketanga e-roller, ama-ferrite cores athambile, i-trichlorisoiso i-Cyanuric acid, i-epichlorohydrin, i-isopropyl alcohol, i-polyvinyl i-chloride paste resin, i-thermoplastic polyurethane, i-telescopic drawer amaslayidi, i-vacuum flask, i-vulcanized black, isibuko sengilazi engenafreyimu, izinsimbi (i-GOODFIX&FIXDEX ikhiqiza ihange le-wedge, izinduku ezinezihloko, amabhawodi e-hex, amantongomane e-hex, ubakaki we-photovoltaic njll…) nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, izingxenye zezimboni neminye imikhiqizo.

Ngokusho kwemibuzo, kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-2023, amacala angu-1,614 okulwa nokulahlwa asetshenziswa ngokumelene neChina emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwazo, amazwe/izifunda ezintathu eziphambili ezikhonondayo kube yi-India enamacala angama-298, i-United States enamacala ayi-189, kanye ne-European Union enamacala ayi-155.

Ophenyweni olumelene nokulahlwa olwethulwa yi-India ngokumelene neChina, izimboni ezintathu ezihamba phambili yimboni yamakhemikhali yezinto ezingavuthiwe nemikhiqizo, imboni yezokwelapha kanye nemboni yemikhiqizo engeyona eyensimbi.

Kungani kune-anti-dumping?

U-Huo Jianguo, iphini likamongameli we-China World Trade Organization Research Association, uthe uma izwe likholelwa ukuthi imikhiqizo ethengwa kwamanye amazwe iphansi kunentengo yalo ezimakethe futhi idala umonakalo ezimbonini ezihlobene nayo, lingaqala uphenyo lokulwa nokulahla futhi amanani okujezisa. izinyathelo zokuvikela izimboni ezihlobene ezweni. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, izinyathelo zokulwa nokulahla ngezinye izikhathi ziyahlukunyezwa futhi ngokuyisisekelo ziba ukubonakaliswa kokuvikelwa kwezohwebo.

Izinkampani zaseShayina zisabela kanjani ekulweni nokulahlwa kwe-China?

I-China iyizisulu zokuqala zokuvikelwa kwezohwebo. Izibalo ezake zakhishwa yiWorld Trade Organisation zikhombisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-2017, iChina kube yizwe eselibhekane nophenyo olunzulu lokulahlwa kwempahla emhlabeni iminyaka engu-23 ilandelana, futhi kube yilona lizwe ebelibhekene nophenyo olunzulu lokulwa noxhaso. emhlabeni iminyaka engu-12 ilandelana.

Uma kuqhathaniswa, inani lezinyathelo ezivimbela ukuhweba ezikhishwe yiShayina lincane kakhulu. Imininingwane evela ku-China Trade Remedy Information Network ikhombisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-2023, phakathi kwamacala okulungisa ezohwebo aqalwa yiChina ngokumelene ne-India, kwakunamacala ayi-12 kuphela okulwa nokulahlwa kwecala, amacala amabili okuphikisa, kanye nezinyathelo ezimbili zokuvikela, amacala ayi-16 esewonke. .

Nakuba i-India ibilokhu iyizwe elalenza uphenyo olunzulu olumelene nokulahlwa kwe-China, selusungule uphenyo oluyi-13 olumelene nokulahlwa kwe-China zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10, okusenabantu abaningi ngokungavamile.

Izinkampani zaseShayina kumele ziphendule ecaleni, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nzima ukuthi zithumele eNdiya ngemuva kokukhokhiswa intela ephakeme kakhulu, elingana nokulahlekelwa imakethe yaseNdiya. Izinyathelo zokulwa nokulahla ngokuvamile zihlala iminyaka emihlanu, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu i-India ivame ukuqhubeka nokugcina izindlela zokulwa nokulahla ngokuhlola ukushona kwelanga. Ngaphandle kokuhlukile okumbalwa, imikhawulo yezohwebo yaseNdiya izoqhubeka, futhi ezinye izindlela zokulwa nokulahla i-China sezithathe iminyaka engama-30-40.

Ngabe i-India ifuna ukwethula “impi yokuhweba neChina”?

U-Lin Minwang, isekela lomqondisi weSouth Asia Research Centre eFudan University, uthe ngo-Okthoba 8 ukuthi esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza i-India ibe izwe elisebenzise izinyathelo zokulwa nokulahla i-China ukushoda kwezentengiselwano eNdiya ehlala ikhula. China.

UMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni wase-India ubambe umhlangano ngokubamba iqhaza kongqongqoshe namakhomishini angaphezu kweshumi nambili ekuqaleni konyaka ukuze kudingidwe indlela yokunciphisa ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo evela e-China ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga “yokungalingani kwezohwebo kwe-China-India.” Imithombo ithe enye yezinyathelo ukukhulisa uphenyo oluphikisana nokulahlwa kweChina. Abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni waseModi uhlela ukuqala "inguqulo yamaNdiya" "yempi yokuhweba neChina."

U-Lin Minwang ukholelwa ukuthi izikhulu zenqubomgomo yase-India zinamathela emibonweni ephelelwe yisikhathi futhi zikholelwa ukuthi ukungalingani kwezohwebo kusho ukuthi uhlangothi olushodayo "luyahlupheka" futhi uhlangothi lwemali eningi "luzuza". Kukhona futhi abanye abantu abakholelwa ukuthi ngokubambisana ne-United States ekucindezeleni iChina ngokwezomnotho, ezohwebo nangokwemigomo yamasu, bangafinyelela umgomo wokuthatha indawo yaseChina “njengemboni yomhlaba wonke.”

Lokhu akuhambisani nendlela yentuthuko yokuhwebelana kwezomnotho nohwebo. ULin Minwang ukholelwa ukuthi i-United States iqale impi yezohwebo ngokumelene neChina iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu, kodwa ayizange ithinte kakhulu ukuhweba kweSino-US. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umthamo wokuhweba we-Sino-US uzofinyelela irekhodi eliphezulu ngo-2022. $ 760 billion. Ngokufanayo, uchungechunge lwangaphambilini lwaseNdiya lwezinyathelo zokuhweba ngokumelene neChina lube nemiphumela ecishe ifane.

ULuo Xinqu ukholelwa ukuthi imikhiqizo yamaShayina kunzima ukuyishintsha ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nenani eliphansi. Uthe, “Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu ekwenzeni amacala aseNdiya (izinkampani zaseShayina eziphendula uphenyo olumelene nokulahlwa) eminyakeni edlule, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wase-India, ubuningi kanye nokwehlukahlukana kukodwa akukwazi ukwanelisa izidingo ezingaphansi komfula. Isidingo sezimboni. Ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo yaseShayina ingeyezinga eliphezulu futhi inenani eliphansi, ngisho nangemva kokuba izindlela (zokuvimbela ukulahla) seziqalisiwe, kungase kube nokuncintisana phakathi kwamaShayina namaShayina emakethe yaseNdiya.”